The article reconstructs the evolution of maritime State concessions in the light of the dominant role that competition and the functional approach of EU law have come to play over recent decades. It shows how the de facto patrimonialisation of the public domain and the re‑qualification of the concession/authorisation relationship have progressively reduced the asset to a mere revenue‑generating resource, thereby downgrading its collective dimension. On this basis, the article argues for a renewed centrality of the public nature of the State as owner and regulator, which, while incorporating the insights of objectivising theories, starts from the status of the maritime public domain as an asset of necessary public ownership and from its function of safeguarding fundamental rights, and projects these premises onto the legal regime of uses. In this perspective, planning and concessions regain a central regulatory role, reshaping beach enterprises as private activities pursuing a public interest and, in highly functionalised settings, as public services or universal services carried out on the public domain.
L’articolo ricostruisce l’evoluzione delle concessioni demaniali marittime alla luce del primato assunto, negli ultimi decenni, dalla concorrenza e dall’ottica funzionale del diritto dell’Unione europea. Mostra come la patrimonializzazione di fatto del demanio e la riqualificazione del rapporto concessione/autorizzazione abbiano progressivamente ridotto il bene a mera risorsa reddituale, con conseguente dequotazione della sua dimensione collettiva. Su queste basi viene proposta una rinnovata centralità della soggettività pubblica che, pur incorporando le ragioni delle visioni oggettivanti, muove dalla natura del demanio marittimo quale bene ad appartenenza pubblica necessaria e dalla sua funzione di garanzia di diritti fondamentali, per proiettarsi sul regime degli usi. In questa prospettiva, pianificazione e concessione riacquisiscono centralità regolatoria, configurando l’impresa balneare come attività privata di interesse pubblico e, nei casi di più intensa funzionalizzazione, come servizio pubblico o servizio universale svolto sul bene
Concessioni demaniali marittime e nuova soggettività pubblica tra concorrenza e interessi generali
Elisa Scotti
2026-01-01
Abstract
The article reconstructs the evolution of maritime State concessions in the light of the dominant role that competition and the functional approach of EU law have come to play over recent decades. It shows how the de facto patrimonialisation of the public domain and the re‑qualification of the concession/authorisation relationship have progressively reduced the asset to a mere revenue‑generating resource, thereby downgrading its collective dimension. On this basis, the article argues for a renewed centrality of the public nature of the State as owner and regulator, which, while incorporating the insights of objectivising theories, starts from the status of the maritime public domain as an asset of necessary public ownership and from its function of safeguarding fundamental rights, and projects these premises onto the legal regime of uses. In this perspective, planning and concessions regain a central regulatory role, reshaping beach enterprises as private activities pursuing a public interest and, in highly functionalised settings, as public services or universal services carried out on the public domain.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


