Multilevel Governance and Inclusive Paths in Complex Organizational Environments. Experiences from Europe and Latin America

The article builds a typology of relationships between government and governance. Each of these types has different consequences for the surrounding environment, in creating development paths that are as inclusive and widespread as possible. The study allows us to identify four types of relationships. In this perspective, while in informal governance there prevails a flexible management of organizations in terms of both roles and processes; the formal one identifies an organization that tends to rationalize processes in a normative way. The management of power within organizations and the degree of institutionalization of organizational forms therefore, interact with forms of government. The paper is based on an international research project (INCASI) within the Horizon framework. The methodology is structured on data analysis and semi-structured interviews, carried out in different political contexts: Italy, France and Argentina. The study aims to identify those cases of governance within which social enterprises are able to find new solutions to social problems deriving from the liberal market and to reduce social inequalities. The study highlights the strategic role that the public actor has in guiding, coordinating and negotiating spaces for social and economic action that open up to social innovation