The concepts of cultural heritage and heritage communities introduced by the Faro Convention have launched an international debate on the collective dimension of heritage and produced a plurality of cultural policies.A recent category of cultural heritage is constituted by the scholastic cultural assets that are kept in museums of historical-educational heritage and on which, the international community of educational historians draws its attention, considering them precious deposits of material sources, necessary for the historical-educational investigation . The aim of this research is to investigate the dynamics underlying the heritage process and enhancement of the historical-educational heritage preserved at the “Paolo e Ornella Ricca” Museum of the University of Macerata, framing it in a european vision of culture. In this regard, the research face up two initial questions. The first concerns the controversial definition of historical-educational heritage, which it resolves by framing it in the broader ruropean vision of cultural heritage, elaborated by the Faro Convention. The second question investigates some aspects of the community of citizens and scholars, active around the School Museum and identifies the features for which it can be considered a "heritage community". Then, the research defines the founding principles that guide the long-term strategies of the School Museum in the context of European cultural policies of accessibility, social development and inclusion. For each of them, the research thesis presents the paradigmatic cases of two contemporaney art museum and the related experiments conducted by the School Museum. The experiments of the School Museum in the direction of accessibility policies are aimed at blind and visually impaired people and people with autism spectrum disorders. In order to make the museum heritage accessible, they use an approach that translates three-dimensional images of museum spaces into words, according to the criteria of the language of inclusion. In the second field of social policies, the School Museum implements two actions that address the problems of immigration and bullying in schools. In order to make the visit to the museum a "significant educational experience" and the museum itself as a possible change makers, in these experiments the objects of historical-educational heritage and visitor’s emotions are adopted as teaching materials, and learning by doing and learning by thinking are used as teaching strategies, according to the principles of Dewey's philosophy of education. They focus on memory and emotional value of the objects of historical-educational material culture and as a tool for the mediation of the heritage and resource for citizenship they use the technique of biographical narration. At last, from the historical-educational material heritage, the research reaches the valorization of intangible cultural resources, whose study covers the second and third chapter of the thesis. Crossing the concept of historical consciousness and the methods of "Historical Thinking", "Historical Imagination" and "Historical Empathy" based on which museums now design and build their own cultural mediation processes, the research identifies the category of mediators of the spirit-witnesses and carries out an extensive activity of reconnaissance of Italian and European museums that are at the forefront in the development of their own intangible cultural heritage. On this basis, the third and final chapter of the thesis presents two case studies, conducted experimentally at the School Museum. The first case study takes place during the European Researchers' Night in close relation with the celebrations of the European Year of Cultural Heritage and defines some witnesses-mediators of the intangible historical-educational heritage. The second case study is an example of how the work of the School Museum’s patrimonial community can lead to the discovery of a collective scholastic memory that is the experience of the Macerata open-air school, which becomes the object of study in a field still little known and little explored in educational and scholastic historiography.
I concetti di patrimonio culturale e di comunità di eredità introdotti dalla Convezione di Faro hanno avviato un dibattito internazionale sulla dimensione collettiva del patrimonio e prodotto una pluralità di politiche culturali. Una categoria recente di patrimonio culturale è costituita dai beni culturali scolastici che sono custoditi nei musei del patrimonio storico-educativo e su cui la comunità internazionale degli storici dell’educazione appunta la propria attenzione, considerandoli preziosi giacimenti di fonti materiali, necessari all’indagine storico-educativa. L’obiettivo di questa ricerca è quello di indagare le dinamiche sottese al processo di patrimonializzazione e valorizzazione del patrimonio storico-educativo conservato presso il Museo della Scuola “Paolo e Ornella Ricca” dell’Università degli Studi di Macerata, inquadrandolo in una visione europea della cultura. A questo proposito, lo studio affronta due questioni iniziali. La prima riguarda la discussa definizione di patrimonio storico-educativo, che risolve inquadrandola nella più vasta visione europea di patrimonio culturale, elaborata dalla Convezione di Faro. La seconda questione indaga alcuni aspetti della comunità di cittadini e studiosi attivi attorno al Museo della Scuola e individua i tratti per cui essa può essere considerata una “comunità patrimoniale”. In seguito, la ricerca definisce i principi fondativi che orientano le strategie di lungo termine del Museo della Scuola nell’ambito delle politiche culturali europee dell’accessibilità, dello sviluppo sociale e dell’inclusione. Per ognuna di esse la tesi di ricerca presenta i casi paradigmatici di due musei di arte contemporanea e le relative sperimentazioni condotte dal Museo della Scuola Le sperimentazioni del Museo della Scuola nella direzione delle politiche dell’accessibilità si rivolgono alle persone non vedenti, ipovedenti e alle persone con disturbi dello spettro autistico. Al fine di rendere accessibile il patrimonio museale, esse utilizzano un approccio che traduce le immagini tridimensionali degli spazi museali in parole, secondo i criteri del linguaggio dell’inclusione.Nel secondo ambito delle politiche sociali, il Museo della Scuola mette in atto due azioni che affrontano le problematiche dell’immigrazione e del bullismo nella scuola. Al fine di rendere la visita al museo un’«esperienza educativa significativa» e il museo stesso come un possibile agente di cambiamento, in queste seprimentazioni sono adottati, come materiali di insegnamento gli oggetti del patrimonio storico-educativo e le emozioni dei visitatori, e come strategie didattiche il learning by doing e il learning by thinking, secondo i principi della filosofia dell’educazione di Dewey. Infine, il Museo intraprende due percorsi di politica inclusiva nell’ambito dei programmi di alternanza scuola-lavoro e di tirocinio universitario. Essi si incentrano sulla memoria e il valore emozionale degli oggetti della cultura materiale storico-educativa e come strumento per la mediazione del patrimonio e risorsa per la cittadinanza utilizzano la tecnica della narrazione biografica. Dal patrimonio storico-educativo materiale, la ricerca approda infine alla valorizzazione delle risorse culturali immateriali, il cui studio occupa il secondo e terzo capitolo della tesi. Attraversando il concetto di coscienza storica e le metodologie dell’ «Historical Thinking»,«Historical Imagination» e «Historical Empathy» in base alle quali i musei oggi progettano e costruiscono i propri processi di mediazione culturale, la ricerca individua la categoria di mediatori degli spiriti-testimoni e svolge un’ampia attività di ricognizione di casi di musei italiani ed europei che si collocano all’avanguardia nella valorizzazione del proprio patrimonio culturale di tipo immateriale. Su queste basi, il terzo ed ultimo capitolo della tesi presenta due casi si studio, condotti in via sperimentale al Museo della Scuola. Il primo caso di studio si svolge durante la Notte Europea dei Ricercatori in stretta relazione con le celebrazioni dell’Anno Europeo del Patrimonio Culturale e definisce alcuni testimoni-mediatori relativi al patrimonio storico-educativo immateriale. Il secondo caso di studio è un esempio di come l’agire della comunità patrimoniale del Museo della Scuola possa portare al ritrovamento di una memoria scolastica collettiva ovvero l’esperienza della Scuola all’aperto di Macerata, che diviene oggetto di studio in un campo ancora poco noto ed poco esplorato della storiografia educativa e scolastica.
TRA MEMORIA DELLA SCUOLA E VALORIZZAZIONE DEL PATRIMONIO STORICO-EDUCATIVO Il caso del Museo della Scuola “Paolo e Ornella Ricca” dell’Università degli Studi di Macerata / Rampichini, Eleonora. - ELETTRONICO. - (2020).
TRA MEMORIA DELLA SCUOLA E VALORIZZAZIONE DEL PATRIMONIO STORICO-EDUCATIVO Il caso del Museo della Scuola “Paolo e Ornella Ricca” dell’Università degli Studi di Macerata
ELEONORA, RAMPICHINI
2020-01-01
Abstract
The concepts of cultural heritage and heritage communities introduced by the Faro Convention have launched an international debate on the collective dimension of heritage and produced a plurality of cultural policies.A recent category of cultural heritage is constituted by the scholastic cultural assets that are kept in museums of historical-educational heritage and on which, the international community of educational historians draws its attention, considering them precious deposits of material sources, necessary for the historical-educational investigation . The aim of this research is to investigate the dynamics underlying the heritage process and enhancement of the historical-educational heritage preserved at the “Paolo e Ornella Ricca” Museum of the University of Macerata, framing it in a european vision of culture. In this regard, the research face up two initial questions. The first concerns the controversial definition of historical-educational heritage, which it resolves by framing it in the broader ruropean vision of cultural heritage, elaborated by the Faro Convention. The second question investigates some aspects of the community of citizens and scholars, active around the School Museum and identifies the features for which it can be considered a "heritage community". Then, the research defines the founding principles that guide the long-term strategies of the School Museum in the context of European cultural policies of accessibility, social development and inclusion. For each of them, the research thesis presents the paradigmatic cases of two contemporaney art museum and the related experiments conducted by the School Museum. The experiments of the School Museum in the direction of accessibility policies are aimed at blind and visually impaired people and people with autism spectrum disorders. In order to make the museum heritage accessible, they use an approach that translates three-dimensional images of museum spaces into words, according to the criteria of the language of inclusion. In the second field of social policies, the School Museum implements two actions that address the problems of immigration and bullying in schools. In order to make the visit to the museum a "significant educational experience" and the museum itself as a possible change makers, in these experiments the objects of historical-educational heritage and visitor’s emotions are adopted as teaching materials, and learning by doing and learning by thinking are used as teaching strategies, according to the principles of Dewey's philosophy of education. They focus on memory and emotional value of the objects of historical-educational material culture and as a tool for the mediation of the heritage and resource for citizenship they use the technique of biographical narration. At last, from the historical-educational material heritage, the research reaches the valorization of intangible cultural resources, whose study covers the second and third chapter of the thesis. Crossing the concept of historical consciousness and the methods of "Historical Thinking", "Historical Imagination" and "Historical Empathy" based on which museums now design and build their own cultural mediation processes, the research identifies the category of mediators of the spirit-witnesses and carries out an extensive activity of reconnaissance of Italian and European museums that are at the forefront in the development of their own intangible cultural heritage. On this basis, the third and final chapter of the thesis presents two case studies, conducted experimentally at the School Museum. The first case study takes place during the European Researchers' Night in close relation with the celebrations of the European Year of Cultural Heritage and defines some witnesses-mediators of the intangible historical-educational heritage. The second case study is an example of how the work of the School Museum’s patrimonial community can lead to the discovery of a collective scholastic memory that is the experience of the Macerata open-air school, which becomes the object of study in a field still little known and little explored in educational and scholastic historiography.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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