La complessità e il suo metodo. La dialettica in Platone.

This article intends to show that Plato’s dialectic is a paradigm of complexity. Firstly, it is an approach to reality which is a whole structured in two communicating parts, the sensitive and the intelligible sphere therefore Ideas work as mediators; they are the principle of order of phenomenal plurality. Furthermore, each being is a mix composed of peras and apeiron; it is organized according to a systematic logic; sure enough, it is a whole composed by an endless multiplicity of parts: it is a “orderly disorder”. In addition it is inserted into a set of positive links which mean connection; it is also part of negative links of exclusion, all determined from the pervasiveness of the diversity; this is the reason because only two different objects can be related. Therefore to understand the several sides of the reality, without simplifying it, Plato uses a flexible method, through synopsis and diairesis. Both analyze the being to identify the structure and constitutive elements. In general terms, the paradigm opts for a multifocal approach that for the focus change, which the analysis is carried out, it involves the multiplication of the interpretative chart. They are good in case they give back an aspect of the object already examined. Moreover even if the survey is theoretically infinite, for the presence of apeiron in the real composition, it does not imply a living up from the outset but rather the perseverance in seeking the truth. For Plato, briefly, philosophy and dialectic coincide each other.