This Doctoral Thesis, prepared within the PhD Programme in Humanism and Technology at the University of Macerata (38th cycle), was developed with the support of a thematic scholarship funded through PNRR resources – Ministerial Decree no. 352/2022. The research examines the valorization of cultural heritage in territories affected by crises and characterized by demographic and infrastructural fragility, adopting an interdisciplinary approach that integrates tools and methods from the Digital Humanities. Digital technologies are interpreted as cultural infrastructures and mediating devices capable of supporting processes of knowledge, documentation, and transmission of local heritage, while fostering new forms of collaboration between universities, institutions, and communities. The central objective is the definition of a model for designing territorial digital ecosystems dedicated to the collection, management, and dissemination of cultural content, developed according to principles of interoperability, accessibility, and durability. The research is articulated into two complementary project lines: the first, oriented toward digital publishing, tests procedures for digitizing, revising, and publishing historical and cultural materials; the second involves the creation of a database designed to model and manage heterogeneous documentary resources related to the Sanctuary of the Madonna di Garufo (Camporotondo di Fiastrone, MC). Both lines combine research activities with public dissemination practices, highlighting the potential of digital technologies as instruments of knowledge, safeguarding, and belonging. The work is situated within the post-earthquake context of 2016, which profoundly affected the central Apennines and the Sibillini Mountains, where the material and immaterial reconstruction of heritage holds strategic significance for the identity resilience of local communities. In this perspective, heritage is understood as a system of relations, narratives, and social practices to be documented and made accessible through digital means. The research argues that a scientifically grounded and interdisciplinary digitization process can promote knowledge and participation, contributing to the regeneration of the relationship between communities and cultural heritage and to the strengthening of territorial awareness. The line dedicated to digital publishing focused on the digitization and re-edition of the Quaderni di Identità Sibillina and other works by local authors, carried out in collaboration with Identità Sibillina ETS, a project partner and key actor in facilitating dialogue between academic research and local communities. The intervention led to the definition of a structured editorial workflow—from material selection and high-resolution acquisition to OCR processing, text revision, production of open formats (PDF/A, EPUB 3), and metadata creation following coherent schemas—with the aim of building a controlled digital publishing chain based on interoperable standards and oriented toward long-term durability. This process was interpreted as a practice of public history, understood not as mere dissemination but as cultural mediation and documented restitution of knowledge, making previously dispersed or scarcely accessible local heritage available once again. The second project line concerned the design of a multi-typological digital database dedicated to the Sanctuary of the Madonna di Garufo, a heritage site severely damaged by the 2016 earthquake. The information system, developed on Omeka S and installed on a local server, was conceived as a prototype of an interoperable infrastructure capable of integrating documentary, graphic, and photographic materials through a structure based on Dublin Core, enriched with RiC-O elements for representing relationships between entities and IIIF for managing high-resolution images. Metadata were further enhanced with URIs linked to controlled vocabularies and external authority files (AAT, GeoNames, Wikidata, RightsStatements), ensuring semantic consistency and integration into the web of data. The implementation of the OAI-PMH protocol guarantees future interoperability with other systems and research portals. Throughout the process, Identità Sibillina ETS played an active role in collecting and contextualizing materials, contributing to the construction of the documentary framework and offering its website as a future public access point to the platform. On the methodological level, the two project lines rest on a coherent set of principles: interoperability, understood as the ability of digital systems to communicate through shared metadata schemas and protocols; accessibility, aimed at enabling the usability of content by diverse audiences in compliance with WCAG 2.2 guidelines; durability, pursued through the use of open formats and open-source software; and sustainability, conceived as a balance between available resources and long-term objectives. The approach is strongly interdisciplinary, integrating archival, bibliographic, informatics, and art-historical expertise within an applied research framework. The entire process was designed as a replicable and transferable model suitable for other territorial and disciplinary contexts. In terms of results, the research produced a corpus of digital publications—made available on the partner association’s website and created according to documented and replicable procedures—and a structured database model, conceived as a prototype of a local digital infrastructure that will later be integrated into Identità Sibillina ETS’s site and heritage-valorization activities. The synergy between the two lines does not entail operational integration but rather a conceptual and methodological convergence: both contribute to a reflection on the role of digital technologies in the knowledge, restitution, and transmission of local cultural heritage. The thesis thus demonstrates that designing digital architectures for heritage is not merely a technical task but a cultural and social process in which digital tools acquire mediating and meaning-generating functions. Digital valorization does not replace material conservation but expands its communicative potential, offering new possibilities of access and interpretation. The work aligns with national and European strategies for heritage digitization, in continuity with the Digital Europe Programme and the National Plan for the Digitization of Cultural Heritage (MiC, 2022). The experimentation adopted shared standards and open technologies with the aim of ensuring long-term data preservation, reusability, and interoperability, contributing to the development of sustainable research infrastructures. Although distinct in tools and aims, the two project lines converge in a unified reflection on the role of digital technologies in the processes of knowing and transmitting local cultural heritage, understood as shared memory and a foundation of collective identity. The thesis proposes a model grounded in open standards and rigorous metadata management, where public and documented restitution of content becomes a practice of cultural responsibility. Digital technologies are thus interpreted not only as technical means but as conceptual infrastructures capable of integrating descriptive accuracy, technological sustainability, and the valorization of territorial contexts, fostering a renewed balance between cultural production and documentation.
La presente Tesi di Dottorato, redatta nell’ambito del corso di Dottorato in Umanesimo e Tecnologie dell’Università degli Studi di Macerata (XXXVIII ciclo), è stata sviluppata con il supporto di una borsa di studio a tematica vincolata finanziata attraverso le risorse del PNRR – DM n. 352/2022. La tesi esamina la valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale nei territori colpiti da crisi e caratterizzati da fragilità demografica e infrastrutturale, adottando un approccio interdisciplinare che integra strumenti e metodi delle Digital Humanities. Il digitale è interpretato come infrastruttura culturale e dispositivo di mediazione in grado di sostenere processi di conoscenza, documentazione e trasmissione dei patrimoni locali, favorendo nuove forme di collaborazione tra università, istituzioni e comunità. L’obiettivo centrale consiste nella definizione di un modello per la progettazione di ecosistemi digitali territoriali dedicati alla raccolta, gestione e diffusione di contenuti culturali, sviluppati secondo principi di interoperabilità, accessibilità e durabilità. La ricerca si articola in due linee progettuali complementari: la prima, orientata all’editoria digitale, sperimenta procedure di digitalizzazione, revisione e pubblicazione di materiali storico-culturali; la seconda realizza un database destinato alla modellazione e alla gestione di risorse documentarie eterogenee relative al Santuario della Madonna di Garufo (Camporotondo di Fiastrone, MC). Entrambe le linee coniugano attività di ricerca e pratiche di restituzione pubblica, evidenziando il potenziale delle tecnologie digitali come strumenti di conoscenza, tutela e appartenenza. Il lavoro si colloca nel contesto post-sisma del 2016, che ha inciso profondamente sull’Appennino centrale e sui Monti Sibillini, dove la ricostruzione materiale e immateriale del patrimonio assume un valore strategico per la tenuta identitaria dei luoghi. In questa prospettiva, il patrimonio è interpretato come un sistema di relazioni, narrazioni e pratiche sociali da documentare e rendere accessibili attraverso il digitale. La ricerca sostiene che una digitalizzazione condotta con criteri scientifici e interdisciplinari possa favorire processi di conoscenza e partecipazione, contribuendo a rigenerare il rapporto tra comunità e beni culturali e a rafforzare la consapevolezza territoriale. La linea dedicata all’editoria digitale ha assunto come caso di studio principale la digitalizzazione e la riedizione dei Quaderni di Identità Sibillina e di altre opere di autori locali, realizzate in collaborazione con l’associazione Identità Sibillina ETS, partner progettuale e attore di riferimento per il dialogo tra ricerca accademica e comunità territoriali. L’intervento ha portato alla definizione di un workflow editoriale strutturato—dalla selezione dei materiali all’acquisizione in alta risoluzione, dall’elaborazione OCR alla revisione, fino alla produzione di file in formati aperti (PDF/A, EPUB 3) e alla metadatazione secondo schemi coerenti—con l’obiettivo di costruire una filiera editoriale digitale controllata, fondata su standard interoperabili e orientata alla durabilità. Tale processo è stato interpretato come pratica di public history, intesa come mediazione culturale e restituzione documentata della conoscenza, in grado di rendere nuovamente accessibili patrimoni locali dispersi o poco fruibili. La seconda linea progettuale ha riguardato la progettazione di un database digitale multitipologico dedicato al Santuario della Madonna di Garufo, bene gravemente danneggiato dal sisma del 2016. Il sistema informativo, sviluppato su Omeka S e installato su server locale, è stato concepito come prototipo di infrastruttura interoperabile capace di integrare materiali documentari, grafici e fotografici attraverso una struttura basata sul Dublin Core, arricchita da elementi RiC-O per la rappresentazione delle relazioni tra entità e dal modello IIIF per la gestione delle immagini ad alta risoluzione. La metadatazione è stata completata mediante URI collegati a vocabolari controllati e authority file esterni (AAT, GeoNames, Wikidata, RightsStatements), così da assicurare coerenza semantica e integrazione nel web of data. La predisposizione del protocollo OAI-PMH garantisce inoltre la futura interoperabilità con altri sistemi e portali di ricerca. In questo percorso, Identità Sibillina ETS ha svolto un ruolo attivo nella raccolta e contestualizzazione dei materiali, contribuendo alla definizione del quadro documentario e mettendo a disposizione il proprio sito web quale futuro punto di accesso pubblico alla piattaforma. Sul piano metodologico, le due linee progettuali si fondano su un insieme coerente di principi: interoperabilità, intesa come capacità dei sistemi digitali di dialogare attraverso schemi di metadati e protocolli condivisi; accessibilità, finalizzata a garantire la fruizione dei contenuti da parte di pubblici diversi nel rispetto delle linee guida WCAG 2.2; durabilità, perseguita mediante l’uso di formati aperti e software open source; e infine sostenibilità, intesa come equilibrio tra risorse disponibili e obiettivi di lungo periodo. L’approccio adottato è fortemente interdisciplinare, integrando competenze archivistiche, bibliografiche, informatiche e storico-artistiche con un orientamento alla ricerca applicata. L’intero percorso è stato concepito come sperimentazione di un processo replicabile e trasferibile in altri contesti territoriali e disciplinari. Dal punto di vista dei risultati, la ricerca ha portato alla realizzazione di un corpus di pubblicazioni digitali disponibili sulla piattaforma web dell’associazione partner, prodotte secondo procedure documentate e replicabili, e di un modello di database strutturato, che costituisce un prototipo di infrastruttura digitale locale destinato in futuro a essere integrato nel sito e nelle attività di valorizzazione di Identità Sibillina ETS. La sinergia fra le due linee non implica una fusione operativa dei prodotti, ma una convergenza concettuale e metodologica: entrambe concorrono a una riflessione sul ruolo del digitale nella conoscenza, nella restituzione e nella trasmissione del patrimonio culturale locale. La tesi mostra pertanto come la progettazione di architetture digitali per il patrimonio non sia un semplice intervento tecnico, ma un processo culturale e sociale in cui il digitale assume una funzione mediatrice e generativa di senso. La valorizzazione digitale non sostituisce la conservazione materiale, ma ne amplia la capacità comunicativa, offrendo nuove possibilità di accesso e interpretazione. Il lavoro si inserisce nel quadro delle strategie nazionali ed europee per la digitalizzazione del patrimonio, in linea con il Digital Europe Programme e con il Piano Nazionale di Digitalizzazione del Patrimonio Culturale (MiC, 2022). La sperimentazione svolta ha adottato standard condivisi e tecnologie aperte, con l’obiettivo di assicurare la conservazione, la riusabilità e l’interoperabilità dei dati nel lungo periodo, contribuendo alla definizione di infrastrutture di ricerca sostenibili. Le due linee progettuali, pur distinte per strumenti e finalità, convergono in una riflessione unitaria sul ruolo del digitale nei processi di conoscenza e trasmissione del patrimonio culturale locale, inteso come memoria condivisa e fondamento identitario. La tesi propone un modello basato su standard aperti e su una gestione rigorosa dei metadati, in cui la restituzione pubblica e documentata dei contenuti diventa pratica di responsabilità culturale. Il digitale viene così interpretato non solo come mezzo tecnico, ma come infrastruttura concettuale capace di integrare accuratezza descrittiva, sostenibilità tecnologica e valorizzazione dei contesti territoriali, favorendo un rinnovato equilibrio tra produzione culturale, documentazione e appartenenza.
Digital humanities per la valorizzazione del territorio: strumenti, metodologie e prospettive per i beni culturali nei contesti di crisi / Ciccotti, C.. - (2026 May 22).
Digital humanities per la valorizzazione del territorio: strumenti, metodologie e prospettive per i beni culturali nei contesti di crisi
Ciccotti, C.
2026-05-22
Abstract
This Doctoral Thesis, prepared within the PhD Programme in Humanism and Technology at the University of Macerata (38th cycle), was developed with the support of a thematic scholarship funded through PNRR resources – Ministerial Decree no. 352/2022. The research examines the valorization of cultural heritage in territories affected by crises and characterized by demographic and infrastructural fragility, adopting an interdisciplinary approach that integrates tools and methods from the Digital Humanities. Digital technologies are interpreted as cultural infrastructures and mediating devices capable of supporting processes of knowledge, documentation, and transmission of local heritage, while fostering new forms of collaboration between universities, institutions, and communities. The central objective is the definition of a model for designing territorial digital ecosystems dedicated to the collection, management, and dissemination of cultural content, developed according to principles of interoperability, accessibility, and durability. The research is articulated into two complementary project lines: the first, oriented toward digital publishing, tests procedures for digitizing, revising, and publishing historical and cultural materials; the second involves the creation of a database designed to model and manage heterogeneous documentary resources related to the Sanctuary of the Madonna di Garufo (Camporotondo di Fiastrone, MC). Both lines combine research activities with public dissemination practices, highlighting the potential of digital technologies as instruments of knowledge, safeguarding, and belonging. The work is situated within the post-earthquake context of 2016, which profoundly affected the central Apennines and the Sibillini Mountains, where the material and immaterial reconstruction of heritage holds strategic significance for the identity resilience of local communities. In this perspective, heritage is understood as a system of relations, narratives, and social practices to be documented and made accessible through digital means. The research argues that a scientifically grounded and interdisciplinary digitization process can promote knowledge and participation, contributing to the regeneration of the relationship between communities and cultural heritage and to the strengthening of territorial awareness. The line dedicated to digital publishing focused on the digitization and re-edition of the Quaderni di Identità Sibillina and other works by local authors, carried out in collaboration with Identità Sibillina ETS, a project partner and key actor in facilitating dialogue between academic research and local communities. The intervention led to the definition of a structured editorial workflow—from material selection and high-resolution acquisition to OCR processing, text revision, production of open formats (PDF/A, EPUB 3), and metadata creation following coherent schemas—with the aim of building a controlled digital publishing chain based on interoperable standards and oriented toward long-term durability. This process was interpreted as a practice of public history, understood not as mere dissemination but as cultural mediation and documented restitution of knowledge, making previously dispersed or scarcely accessible local heritage available once again. The second project line concerned the design of a multi-typological digital database dedicated to the Sanctuary of the Madonna di Garufo, a heritage site severely damaged by the 2016 earthquake. The information system, developed on Omeka S and installed on a local server, was conceived as a prototype of an interoperable infrastructure capable of integrating documentary, graphic, and photographic materials through a structure based on Dublin Core, enriched with RiC-O elements for representing relationships between entities and IIIF for managing high-resolution images. Metadata were further enhanced with URIs linked to controlled vocabularies and external authority files (AAT, GeoNames, Wikidata, RightsStatements), ensuring semantic consistency and integration into the web of data. The implementation of the OAI-PMH protocol guarantees future interoperability with other systems and research portals. Throughout the process, Identità Sibillina ETS played an active role in collecting and contextualizing materials, contributing to the construction of the documentary framework and offering its website as a future public access point to the platform. On the methodological level, the two project lines rest on a coherent set of principles: interoperability, understood as the ability of digital systems to communicate through shared metadata schemas and protocols; accessibility, aimed at enabling the usability of content by diverse audiences in compliance with WCAG 2.2 guidelines; durability, pursued through the use of open formats and open-source software; and sustainability, conceived as a balance between available resources and long-term objectives. The approach is strongly interdisciplinary, integrating archival, bibliographic, informatics, and art-historical expertise within an applied research framework. The entire process was designed as a replicable and transferable model suitable for other territorial and disciplinary contexts. In terms of results, the research produced a corpus of digital publications—made available on the partner association’s website and created according to documented and replicable procedures—and a structured database model, conceived as a prototype of a local digital infrastructure that will later be integrated into Identità Sibillina ETS’s site and heritage-valorization activities. The synergy between the two lines does not entail operational integration but rather a conceptual and methodological convergence: both contribute to a reflection on the role of digital technologies in the knowledge, restitution, and transmission of local cultural heritage. The thesis thus demonstrates that designing digital architectures for heritage is not merely a technical task but a cultural and social process in which digital tools acquire mediating and meaning-generating functions. Digital valorization does not replace material conservation but expands its communicative potential, offering new possibilities of access and interpretation. The work aligns with national and European strategies for heritage digitization, in continuity with the Digital Europe Programme and the National Plan for the Digitization of Cultural Heritage (MiC, 2022). The experimentation adopted shared standards and open technologies with the aim of ensuring long-term data preservation, reusability, and interoperability, contributing to the development of sustainable research infrastructures. Although distinct in tools and aims, the two project lines converge in a unified reflection on the role of digital technologies in the processes of knowing and transmitting local cultural heritage, understood as shared memory and a foundation of collective identity. The thesis proposes a model grounded in open standards and rigorous metadata management, where public and documented restitution of content becomes a practice of cultural responsibility. Digital technologies are thus interpreted not only as technical means but as conceptual infrastructures capable of integrating descriptive accuracy, technological sustainability, and the valorization of territorial contexts, fostering a renewed balance between cultural production and documentation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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CICCOTTI_Tesi_compressed.pdf
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Descrizione: Digital humanities per la valorizzazione del territorio: strumenti, metodologie e prospettive per i beni culturali nei contesti di crisi
Tipologia:
Tesi di dottorato
Licenza:
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3.74 MB
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