Historians of education developed an interest in “school memory” as a historical object in the early years of the 21st century thanks to a deep renewal of the epistemological fundaments and heuristic objectives in this field of study, accompanied by the growing attention afforded by generalist historians to the politics of memory and the public use of history. But what exactly do we mean by “school memory”? This paper aims to provide an initial and fairly broad overview of individual, collective and public practices involved in rememoration and commemoration of the school past. The widening of the heuristic spectrum of the “school memory”, seen as a historical process rather than merely as a historical source, has changed our perspective significantly because it is no longer just a testimony of the school past, it is a new object of study, used by the historian to analyze the school not simply “from within” (i.e. what was like, or at least how it portrayed itself), but also “from without” (i.e. how it was perceived by the people). Thus “school memory” can be used to explore a potential new focus for historical research in education, namely the social perception of school, schooling and teaching. In fact, studying the ways in which these phenomena are recalled and portrayed, will not only reveal us their effective dimensions, but will also help us to define the reasons behind some of the clichés that still beset the school archetype.
Gli storici dell’educazione hanno sviluppato un crescente interesse nei confronti della “memoria della scuola” in quanto oggetto storico a partire dai primi anni del XXI secolo grazie al profondo rinnovamento dei fondamenti epistemologici e degli obiettivi euristici in questo ambito di studio, oltre che alla crescente attenzione tributata dagli storici generalisti alle politiche della memoria e all’uso pubblico della storia. Ma cosa si intende esattamente per “memoria della scuola”? Il presente contributo si propone di fornire una panoramica iniziale e piuttosto ampia delle pratiche individuali, collettive e pubbliche utilizzate nella rimemorazione e nella commemorazione del passato scolastico. L’ampliamento dello spettro euristico della “memoria della scuola” – intesa come processo storico più che come semplice fonte – ha modificato significativamente la prospettiva da cui è studiata, in quanto essa non costituisce più unicamente una testimonianza del passato scolastico, ma un nuovo oggetto di studio, utilizzato dallo storico per analizzare la scuola non solo “dal di dentro” (cioè com’era, o almeno come si ritraeva) ma anche “dall’esterno” (cioè come veniva percepita dalla società). Pertanto, la “memoria della scuola” può essere utilizzata per esplorare un nuovo potenziale ambito di ricerca per la storia dell’educazione, vale a dire la percezione sociale dell’istruzione, della scuola e dell’insegnamento. Infatti, studiare le modalità con cui questi fenomeni vengono ricordati e rappresentati, ce ne rivelerà non solo le effettive dimensioni, ma ci aiuterà anche a definire le ragioni di fondo di alcuni cliché che ancora insistono sull’archetipo scolastico.
Memoria magistra. La memoria della scuola tra rappresentazione collettiva e uso pubblico del passato
Meda, J.
2021-01-01
Abstract
Historians of education developed an interest in “school memory” as a historical object in the early years of the 21st century thanks to a deep renewal of the epistemological fundaments and heuristic objectives in this field of study, accompanied by the growing attention afforded by generalist historians to the politics of memory and the public use of history. But what exactly do we mean by “school memory”? This paper aims to provide an initial and fairly broad overview of individual, collective and public practices involved in rememoration and commemoration of the school past. The widening of the heuristic spectrum of the “school memory”, seen as a historical process rather than merely as a historical source, has changed our perspective significantly because it is no longer just a testimony of the school past, it is a new object of study, used by the historian to analyze the school not simply “from within” (i.e. what was like, or at least how it portrayed itself), but also “from without” (i.e. how it was perceived by the people). Thus “school memory” can be used to explore a potential new focus for historical research in education, namely the social perception of school, schooling and teaching. In fact, studying the ways in which these phenomena are recalled and portrayed, will not only reveal us their effective dimensions, but will also help us to define the reasons behind some of the clichés that still beset the school archetype.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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