The thesis is presented as an analysis of the character from Helen of Troy, in some mediaeval Romance tradition texts, particularly in 12th century romans d'antiquité and in Ovide Moralisé of the 1330s. This figure, emblematic of a relationship between myth and extremely particular and varied literature, occupies a leading role in European imagination and culture: whatever text is taken as reference, some elements of the general structure of the story and the myth continue to be recognisable, although adapting themselves to perform functions that are very different from those that happened before. In particular, the mediaeval figure of Helen of Troy acquires traits of profound originality and novelty, compared with the classical antecedents, becoming an expression of the mediaeval character – as defined by d'Arco Silvio Avalle – as a "cultural sign of literary application consisting of a temporary association of variable and replaceable elements". The work, in which we propose demonstrating how the identity of this character, realised not only through syntagmatic relationships with the other figures within the single text, but also through paradigmatic relationships with cultural heritage in the broadest sense of the term, is structured in five chapters. The first, of an introductory nature, focuses on the theoretical framework used for the study. This makes use of the tools and methodologies developed by the Centre for Textual Anthropology at the University of Macerata and, in general, of recent theoretical-literary reflections on the category of the character. The corpus of texts, in which we chose to favour those in ancient French, is also presented, along with the structure of the work. The next two chapters are dedicated to Roman de Troie by Benoît de Sainte-Maure, the starting point of the investigation. Particularly in the second chapter, a picture is drawn of the representation of Helen of Troy within the work, and the salient traits of the character and the reasons, most frequently linked to it, are traced: the identification of Helen as a casus belli, her being an undisputed model of beauty, the transition from a kidnapped woman to queen, also through an exemplary defined behaviour, and finally the element of ambiguity. The third chapter concerns the replicas of the "Helen character", with particular attention to the figures of Briseis. Her identity is also developed through further traits with respect to that of the mutability of the heart that was to decide her subsequent fortune. Attention is also given to Polissena, who instead, develops the most tragic component of the character. The fourth chapter then deals with the second text of the corpus, namely the anonymous Roman d'Eneas. The analysis concerns particularly the figure of Lavinia, who is assimilated to Helen – through the cause of conjugal raptus – using the words of Turnus. Her marriage with Aeneas leads, however, to a different outcome and even to the birth of a new lineage: the kidnapping by a man from a foreign land is thus configured, in an almost paradoxical way, as a facilitator in managing the conflict. Interpreting the conjugal raptus as part of a ritual process and exploiting the anthropological theories on liminality and performance formulated by Victor Turner, an interpretation of Helen – and of the figures that represent a replication within the two 12th century novels in old French – is proposed as a liminal character. The final chapter is dedicated to Ovide Moralisé, where an assimilative intention emerges between the mythological story of Helen and the biblical auctoritas: Menelaus's wife is in fact connected to Eva and the golden apple is interpreted in an allegorical-Christian key, as the biblical fruit. Through the diachronic and comparative analysis of texts, the work highlights common general strategies that transcend the specific linguistic, stylistic and lexical choice of the single author and which can rather be related to a more general and theoretical level that make the character of Helen of Troy precisely, a model of the European imagination: the figure of this famous, beautiful and unhappy heroine is not however – even in the desire to bring mediaeval texts closer to the sensibility of the modern reader –, framed as an object, with very specific characteristics that remain constant over the centuries, but as an example of a process closely linked to cultural dynamics.
La tesi si presenta come un’analisi del personaggio di Elena di Troia in alcuni testi della tradizione medievale romanza, in particolare nei romans d’antiquité del XII secolo e nell’Ovide Moralisé del primo trentennio del XIV secolo. Questa figura, emblematica di un rapporto tra mito e letteratura estremamente particolare e variegato, occupa un ruolo di primo piano nell’immaginario e nella cultura europei: qualunque sia il testo preso come riferimento, alcuni elementi della struttura generale del racconto e del mito continuano infatti ad essere riconoscibili, adattandosi però a svolgere funzioni assai diverse da quelle precedenti. La figura medievale di Elena di Troia acquisisce in particolare dei tratti di profonda originalità e novità rispetto agli antecedenti classici, diventando espressione del personaggio medievale – secondo la definizione di d’Arco Silvio Avalle – come «segno culturale di applicazione letteraria consistente in un’associazione temporanea di elementi variabili e sostituibili». Il lavoro, in cui ci si propone di dimostrare come l’identità di questo personaggio si realizzi non solo attraverso dei rapporti sintagmatici con le altre figure all’interno del singolo testo ma anche attraverso delle relazioni paradigmatiche con il patrimonio culturale nel senso più ampio del termine, è strutturato in cinque capitoli. Il primo, di carattere introduttivo, si concentra sull’impianto teorico utilizzato per lo studio, che si avvale degli strumenti e delle metodologie messi a punto dal Centro di Antropologia del Testo dell’Università di Macerata ed in generale delle recenti riflessioni teorico-letterarie sulla categoria del personaggio. Vengono inoltre presentati il corpus di testi, in cui si è scelto di privilegiare quelli in antico francese, e la struttura del lavoro. I due capitoli successivi sono dedicati al Roman de Troie di Benoît de Sainte-Maure, punto di partenza dell’indagine. In particolare nel secondo si traccia un quadro della rappresentazione di Elena di Troia all’interno dell’opera e si rintracciano i tratti salienti del personaggio e i motivi che più frequentemente ad esso si legano: l’identificazione di Elena come causa belli, il suo essere un modello indiscusso di bellezza, il passaggio da donna rapita a regina, anche mediante un comportamento definito esemplare, ed infine l’elemento dell’ambiguità. Il terzo capitolo riguarda invece le replicazioni del “personaggio Elena”, con un’attenzione particolare alle figure di Briseide, la cui identità si sviluppa anche attraverso ulteriori tratti rispetto a quello della mutevolezza del cuore che decreterà la sua fortuna successiva, e di Polissena, che sviluppa invece la componente più tragica del personaggio. Nel quarto capitolo ci si occupa poi del secondo testo del corpus, ossia l’anonimo Roman d’Eneas. L’analisi riguarda in particolare la figura di Lavinia, la quale viene assimilata ad Elena – mediante il motivo del raptus coniugale – attraverso le stesse parole di Turno. Il suo matrimonio con Enea porta però ad un esito diverso ed addirittura alla nascita di una nuova stirpe: il rapimento ad opera di un uomo proveniente da terra straniera si configura così, in maniera quasi paradossale, come un facilitatore nella gestione del conflitto. Interpretando il raptus coniugale come parte di un processo rituale e sfruttando le teorie antropologiche sulla liminalità e sulla performance formulate da Victor Turner, viene proposta una lettura di Elena – e delle figure che ne rappresentano una replicazione all’interno dei due romanzi in francese antico del XII secolo – come personaggio liminale. L’ultimo capitolo è infine dedicato all’Ovide Moralisé, dove emerge un’intenzione assimilativa tra il racconto mitologico di Elena e l’auctoritas biblica: la moglie di Menelao viene infatti collegata ad Eva ed il pomo d’oro è interpretato in chiave allegorico-cristiana come il frutto biblico. Mediante l’analisi diacronica e comparativa dei testi il lavoro mette in luce delle strategie generali comuni che trascendono la specifica scelta linguistica, stilistica e lessicale del singolo autore e che possono piuttosto essere messe in relazione con un livello più generale e teorico che rendono il personaggio di Elena di Troia un modello proprio dell’immaginario europeo: la figura di questa celebre, bellissima ed infelice eroina non è tuttavia – anche nell’auspicio di avvicinare i testi medievali alla sensibilità del lettore moderno – inquadrata come un oggetto, con delle caratteristiche ben precise che rimangono costanti nel corso dei secoli, bensì come esempio di un processo strettamente legato alle dinamiche culturali.
Elena di Troia, «de totes dames mireor»: ricerche sull’identità del personaggio nei romans d’antiquité francesi e in alcuni passi dell’Ovide moralisé / Zitelli, Gloria. - CD-ROM. - (2019).
Elena di Troia, «de totes dames mireor»: ricerche sull’identità del personaggio nei romans d’antiquité francesi e in alcuni passi dell’Ovide moralisé.
zitelli gloria
2019-01-01
Abstract
The thesis is presented as an analysis of the character from Helen of Troy, in some mediaeval Romance tradition texts, particularly in 12th century romans d'antiquité and in Ovide Moralisé of the 1330s. This figure, emblematic of a relationship between myth and extremely particular and varied literature, occupies a leading role in European imagination and culture: whatever text is taken as reference, some elements of the general structure of the story and the myth continue to be recognisable, although adapting themselves to perform functions that are very different from those that happened before. In particular, the mediaeval figure of Helen of Troy acquires traits of profound originality and novelty, compared with the classical antecedents, becoming an expression of the mediaeval character – as defined by d'Arco Silvio Avalle – as a "cultural sign of literary application consisting of a temporary association of variable and replaceable elements". The work, in which we propose demonstrating how the identity of this character, realised not only through syntagmatic relationships with the other figures within the single text, but also through paradigmatic relationships with cultural heritage in the broadest sense of the term, is structured in five chapters. The first, of an introductory nature, focuses on the theoretical framework used for the study. This makes use of the tools and methodologies developed by the Centre for Textual Anthropology at the University of Macerata and, in general, of recent theoretical-literary reflections on the category of the character. The corpus of texts, in which we chose to favour those in ancient French, is also presented, along with the structure of the work. The next two chapters are dedicated to Roman de Troie by Benoît de Sainte-Maure, the starting point of the investigation. Particularly in the second chapter, a picture is drawn of the representation of Helen of Troy within the work, and the salient traits of the character and the reasons, most frequently linked to it, are traced: the identification of Helen as a casus belli, her being an undisputed model of beauty, the transition from a kidnapped woman to queen, also through an exemplary defined behaviour, and finally the element of ambiguity. The third chapter concerns the replicas of the "Helen character", with particular attention to the figures of Briseis. Her identity is also developed through further traits with respect to that of the mutability of the heart that was to decide her subsequent fortune. Attention is also given to Polissena, who instead, develops the most tragic component of the character. The fourth chapter then deals with the second text of the corpus, namely the anonymous Roman d'Eneas. The analysis concerns particularly the figure of Lavinia, who is assimilated to Helen – through the cause of conjugal raptus – using the words of Turnus. Her marriage with Aeneas leads, however, to a different outcome and even to the birth of a new lineage: the kidnapping by a man from a foreign land is thus configured, in an almost paradoxical way, as a facilitator in managing the conflict. Interpreting the conjugal raptus as part of a ritual process and exploiting the anthropological theories on liminality and performance formulated by Victor Turner, an interpretation of Helen – and of the figures that represent a replication within the two 12th century novels in old French – is proposed as a liminal character. The final chapter is dedicated to Ovide Moralisé, where an assimilative intention emerges between the mythological story of Helen and the biblical auctoritas: Menelaus's wife is in fact connected to Eva and the golden apple is interpreted in an allegorical-Christian key, as the biblical fruit. Through the diachronic and comparative analysis of texts, the work highlights common general strategies that transcend the specific linguistic, stylistic and lexical choice of the single author and which can rather be related to a more general and theoretical level that make the character of Helen of Troy precisely, a model of the European imagination: the figure of this famous, beautiful and unhappy heroine is not however – even in the desire to bring mediaeval texts closer to the sensibility of the modern reader –, framed as an object, with very specific characteristics that remain constant over the centuries, but as an example of a process closely linked to cultural dynamics.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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