Crossing the Umbrian-Marchean Appennines near Colfiorito, the Via Lauretana used to run along the Chienti valley, go through Serravalle, Pontelatrave which was one of the joint points with the migratory herding itineraries and Valcimarra. The road to Tolentino could not be significantly changed because of the orographic conformation compared to the course of the river . The Via Lauretana is already mentioned in Belforte del Chienti’s sixth book of the Municipal laws which were approved in 1536, and it is known as a royal road . The track used to come from Borgiano territory and, through the shortcut of Borgo San Giovanni, used to go up to the Triturano Arch, on the South. From here a short joint which was running along the walls located on the eastern part of the river, used to connect the track again with the San Sebastian church . The church was built in 1479 and the people added to it a plain hospital as well . The road used to go down, thanks to a slope, and get to Borgo Santa Maria, where is located the San Pietro parish church which was before a Silvestran monastery built in the XIII century and then was converted in a guest house; after it, the track following the river again, used to turn toward Tolentino . Since then, people who didn’t want to go up to the castle, could follow the track which used to get to Borgo Santa Maria from another road, Via delle Arme located on the left side of the river Chienti . This singular place, takes its name from the earthquake which took place in 1741.The Pope Lambertini, in order to stop the falling of the rocks, ordered to build a massive wall which was completed within three years with a length of 66 mt. He ordered to place a commemorative plaque with his coat of arms. The supervision of the works was assigned to the Cardinal Domenico Riviera prefect of the Congregation for Good Governance, so the road was protected from decay . In this area, at the bottom of the hill on which is located the castle, should have taken place some hydrogeological disturbances which caused several landslips and rockslides. At the end of the XVI century, in order to save the road, the community of Belfiore decided to change the course of the river Chienti and direct it into Nicola Pallucchio’s land. Moreover, between 1706-1708 at the time of Pope Clemente XI, during the works of maintenance of the road, the river’s flow was redirect into another riverbed placed more far away as Sebastiano Cipriani, the architect of the Apostolic Camera, supposed to do in one of his studies. During Pope Gregorio XIII, the Via Flaminia Lauretana was re-build, and in the same time in Macerata, the city that was the residence of the Papal Legate, was re-build the Arch San Salvatore as well. This «portam Romanam» is the main entrance of the wall placed at the end of the road which was opened in 1579, along which it was built «Burgo Boncompagno» . The drawing of it is still conserved and it has been done by Pompeo Floriani . Along the old road to Loreto, after Borgo San Giuliano which is called by Pompeo Cmpagnoni «Burgum Laureti» , it has been built a guest house called Fonte della Quercia (spring of the oak ed.). On this house it was located a commemorative plaque with these words «Seden. G. XIII P.M. A.D. 1577». The itinerary used to come down from Macerata’s hill, pass through Valle del Potenza, continue towards Recanati and keep going to the coaching inn of Sambucheto; the two ancient alternative routes used to pass near the San Firmano Benedectine abbey named Madonna del Monte, located in Montelupone. The road to Villa Potenza which has been built before 1645, has become even more important during the XV and XVI century thanks to Schiavoni and Albanesi who reclaimed the land around Potenza river. The presence of the post office in Recanati has been certified in XVII and XIX centuries , even if, during XVII century, there has been no effective work registration. The track that leads to Loreto had some significant variations. The most ancient track used to come out from the city, get to Arch Marina and, along the Adriatic coast, used to connect with Via Brecciarum and then, going on the left, used to go up to Monte Prodo and get to Loreto passing through Valle del Musone. Since 1428, Via Vallis Cerri started to be important because the other road’s conditions were really poor and the increasing number of pilgrims started to travel in a more comfortable and better way. Via Vallis Cerri, instead of going along the coast, used to turn South from the hill, so that they could walk better . Another way to reach the Holy House was to pass through San Girolamo town and walk towards the location Carpine. From this point the pilgrims could walk down through the old Montereale area to the basilica, praying the Loreto litanies . A further trail used to start from the Arch of San Francesco in Recanati, go along the convent and then, used to go down towards the river until the connection with Via Brecce . The road that was opened by Gregorio XIII is basically the same one that we can see today as the main road n.77 with only one difference; at that time the arrival was in Via Piana, which became less important when Pope Sisto V decided to open Via di Montereale with the aim to pass over Burbera hill . Bruno Longarini and Adalberto Solari report that there was a trail on the coast to get to Ancona through Numana and Sirolo. It disappeared due to neglect when the Sanctuary of Loreto was developed by then, so from the North, people should pass through Recanati and Osimo. For this reason, in the XV century people built a bridge on the river Musone so that all pilgrims could walk directly toward the Doric city from Via Costa d’Ancona, which originated from Via Impaccio, in the same point where is placed Fonte della Croce. During the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII the trail was improved by avoiding the difficult steep slope with the creation of some curves called dei Lamaticci . Actually, in 1573 Pope Boncompagni ordered to build a road, in a way that could be comfortable for all the pilgrims, from the bridge Moscione to Loreto’s cross which has been posed by the governor Roberto Sassatelli in 1574 at the intersection of Ancona’s coast road and Via del Pozzo . Since XX century, pilgrims used to follow the trail that crossed Villa Musone, le Crocette, San Rocchetto and Camerano towns: as a matter of fact, the works on the road from Ancona to Baraccola near Porto Recanati started in 1905 and today is known as the main road n.16 called “Adriatic” . The “Crocetta” (small cross ed.) of Castelfidardo, that gives the name of this village, reminds the opening of this piece of road in 1576 made by Pope Gregory, where the trail crosses the ridge which divides Aspio and Musone valleys . From San Rocchetto there are two tracks to reach Ancona. After the bridge Asciato placed on the river Aspio, the older secondary road used to run alongside the river, as it is possible to see today on the main road n. 2; it used to pass near the Osteriaccia which was placed on the cross with the road to reach Osimo, today this road is called Via Sbrozzola, and then, it used to go uphill on the Monte Umbriano . From here, following the main road n. 29 and passing through a hilly landscape, the secondary road used to get to the plain «to the Osteria dell’Angelo seven kilometers far away from Ancona» . As a further option , on the other side of the river Aspio, pilgrims can keep walking North along the main road n.10 called «Romana» which gets to loc. Burattini, they can cross the center of Camerano and from here, the road goes down and joins with the other road nearby Angeli di Varano. In the Doric city, the relationship between road and orography has often been problematic in terms of travelling and ease. In the XVI century people used to get on the Cameranense road, passing through Ponte Conocchio and the rocks of Astagno, so that they could reach Saint Agostino’s church.
Valicati dunque gli Appennini Umbro-marchigiani presso Colfiorito, la Via Lauretana scendeva lungo la Val di Chienti, attraversando Serravalle, Pontelatrave – ulteriore punto di raccordo con gli itinerari della transumanza – e Valcimarra. Fino a Tolentino la conformazione orografica del suolo non permetteva alla strada significative divagazioni rispetto al corso del fiume . A Belforte del Chienti la Via Lauretana è già menzionata nel sesto libro degli Statuti Comunali, definitivamente approvati nel 1536, annoverata fra le strade regali . Il tracciato giungeva infatti dal territorio di Borgiano e tramite la Corta di Borgo San Giovanni saliva alla Porta di Triturano, a sud. Da qui un breve raccordo, disteso sotto le mura prospicienti il fiume dalla parte orientale, lo riconnetteva alla chiesa di San Sebastiano , eretta dalla Comunità nel 1479, cui era annesso l'ospedale dei poveri . Tramite una piaggia la strada scendeva al Borgo Santa Maria, dove sorge la parrocchiale di San Pietro, già monastero silvestrino istituito al termine del XIII secolo, ed hospitium; dopo di che la via, riaccostandosi al fiume, volgeva a Tolentino . Fin da allora quanti non intendevano salire al castello potevano percorre la via che dal Borgo di San Giovanni, correndo parallela alla riva sinistra del Chienti, portava al Borgo di Santa Maria, lungo il tracciato di Via dell'Arme . Il toponimo deriva dal fatto che qui, per contenere la rupe franata con il terremoto del 1741, il Papa Lambertini ordinò che si costruisse un robusto muraglione, eretto tre anni dopo, con una lunghezza di circa 66 m, e sul manufatto fece collocare una lapide commemorativa riportante il suo stemma. La direzione dei lavori fu affidata al cardinale Domenico Riviera, prefetto della Congregazione del Buon Governo, e la strada venne csì preservata dalla rovina . In quest’area, alle pendici del colle su cui è arroccato il castello, devono essersi verosimilmente verificati quei ripetuti episodi di dissesto idro-geologico di cui si ha memoria e che, causati dal fiume, producevano frane e smottamenti. Fu per salvaguardare la sede stradale che, sul finire del Seicento, la Comunità di Belforte deviò il Chienti nel terreno di un tale di nome Nicola Pallucchino; ed ancora, nell’ambito dei lavori di manutenzione della strada voluti da Clemente XI ed eseguiti nel 1706 e nel 1708 sulla base dello studio prodotto da Sebastiano Cipriani, architetto della Reverenda Camera Apostolica, esso venne dirottato in una strada preesistente ben più lontana . A Macerata, che fu sede del Legato Pontificio, nell'ambito della ristrutturazione della Flaminia Lauretana promossa da Gregorio XIII venne riedificata la Porta di San Salvatore, ora «portam Romanam», accesso principale alla cinta muraria al termine dello stradone aperto nel 1579, lungo cui sarebbe sorto il «Burgo Boncompagno» . Se ne conserva il disegno, prodotto da Pompeo Floriani . Sull'opposto settore della città invece, lungo la strada vecchia per Loreto, per il ristoro dei pellegrini venne realizzzata la Fonte della Quercia, «Seden. G. XIII P.M. A.D. 1577», come recita la lapide ivi affissa, appena passato il Borgo di San Giuliano, che non a caso Pompeo Compagnoni chiama «Burgum Laureti» . Dal colle di Macerata l'itinerario passava nella Valle del Pontenza, che abbandonava poco dopo per dirigersi alla volta di Recanati, diretto alla Posta di Sambucheto; le due varianti più antiche prevedevano il passaggio all'odierna Madonna del Monte, ovvero all'abazia benedettina di San Firmano, nel Comune di Montelupone. Più recente ancora – e comunque esistente prima del 1645 – ma destinata progressivamente a prevalere dopo l’opera di bonifica delle Piane del Potenza intrapresa da Schiavoni e Albanesi tra il XV ed il XVI secolo, è la strada di Villa Potenza . Nella città di Recanati la stazione postale è attestata nel XVII e nel XIX secolo, ma non risulta attiva per tutto il Settecento . Il seguente percorso che porta a Loreto, poi, ha conosciuto nel tempo alcune variazioni sensibili. Il tracciato più antico usciva dalla città per Porta Marina e, dopo essersi avviato verso la costa adriatica, si immetteva nella Via Brecciarum la quale, scesa un po’ a sinistra verso la Valle del Musone, rimontava faticosamente il Monte Prodo e perveniva dinnanzi al Santuario. Dato lo stato in cui versava la carreggiata e per rendere il viaggio più agevole ai pellegrini che in numero sempre maggiore si recavano a Loreto, a partire dal 1428 si andò affermando la Via Vallis Cerri, che invece di risalire la costa, dalle Brecce girava a sud del colle e ne vinceva più comodamente il dislivello . Si giungeva in Santa Casa passando altrimenti per San Girolamo e risalendo per il Carpine: da qui i pellegrini scendevano attraverso l’area di Montereale vecchio alla basilica, recitando le Litanie Lauretane . Un ulteriore percorso principiava dalla Porta di San Francesco a Recanati, ne lambiva il convento e degradando sempre sul dorso della collina verso il fiume, andava a riallacciarsi con Via Brecce . Il tronco stradale aperto da Gregorio XIII era, nella sostanza, coincidente con quello attualmente marcato dalla Provinciale 77, ma con arrivo tramite la Via Piana, poi passata in second’ordine con l’apertura della Via di Montereale, voluta da Sisto V, diretta a scavalcare il colle dalla Burbera . Bruno Longarini e Adalberto Solari poi riferiscono di una via costiera per Ancona attraverso Numana e Sirolo, «sparita per abbandono» quando il Santuario di Loreto si era ormai sviluppato, così che per il settentrione si passava tramite la congiungente Recanati e Osimo. Per questo nel XV secolo si operò per costruire un ponte sul Fiume Musone, che consentisse un itinerario diretto verso la Città Dorica, a partire appunto da Via Costa d’Ancona la quale si originava – come è tuttora – da Via Impaccio, nel punto in cui si trova la Fonte della Croce. Durante il pontificato di Gregorio XIII si migliorò il tracciato, scansando la difficoltà dell’erta con la realizzazione dei tornanti dei Lamaticci . Fu infatti il Papa Boncompagni che nel 1573 ordinò di «fare per comodo delli pellegrini una strada dal ponte Moscione fino alla croce di Loreto», collocata quest’ultima dal governatore Roberto Sassatelli a lavori ultimati, nel 1574, sul punto in cui la strada della costa d’Ancona si congiunge con Via del Pozzo . Fino all’inizio del XX secolo il percorso seguito era generalmente quello per Villa Musone, le Crocette, San Rocchetto e Camerano; risalgono infatti al 1905 i lavori per il tratto di strada da Ancona per la Baraccola a Porto Recanati, l’odierna Statale 16 "Adriatica" . La "Crocetta" di Castelfidardo, che dà il nome alla frazione, ricorda l’apertura di questo tratto di strada voluto da Papa, avvenuta nel 1576, nel luogo in cui il tracciato scavalca la dorsale collinare che separa le valli dell’Aspio e del Musone . Da San Rocchetto, due sono i percorsi per Ancona. Il diverticolo più vecchio , passato l’Aspio dopo Ponte Asciato, seguitava costeggiando il torrente, ricalcando l’odierna Provinciale 2; toccava l’Osteriaccia all’incrocio con la strada per Osimo – oggi Via Sbrozzola – per poi salire fino a tagliare le pendici orientali del Monte Umbriano da cui, seguendo il tracciato della Provinciale 29 e attraversando un paesaggio collinare che man mano si fa più dolce, arrivava in pianura «all’Osteria dell’Angelo lungi sette miglia da Ancona» . In alternativa , al di là dell’Aspio si prosegue verso nord lungo la Provinciale 10, «detta Romana» , che giunge il località Burattini per poi attraversare il centro di Camerano da cui ne ridiscende per congiungersi con l'altra strada presso Angeli di Varano. Nella Città Dorica invece, il rapporto tra la strada e l'orografia fu spesso problematico in quanto alla «comodità della condotta». Nel XVI secolo vi si accedeva sulla Strada Cameranese passando per Ponte Conocchio, poi sotto le rupi dell’Astagno, giungendo così presso la chiesa di Sant’Agostino.
L'antica Via Lauretana: itinerario «sì corporale, come spirituale» da Roma a Loreto. Parte prima: il percorso laziale Parte seconda: il percorso umbro Parte terza: il percorso marchigiano / Alimenti, Giacomo. - CD-ROM. - (2019).
L'antica Via Lauretana: itinerario «sì corporale, come spirituale» da Roma a Loreto. Parte prima: il percorso laziale Parte seconda: il percorso umbro Parte terza: il percorso marchigiano
ALIMENTI, GIACOMO
2019-01-01
Abstract
Crossing the Umbrian-Marchean Appennines near Colfiorito, the Via Lauretana used to run along the Chienti valley, go through Serravalle, Pontelatrave which was one of the joint points with the migratory herding itineraries and Valcimarra. The road to Tolentino could not be significantly changed because of the orographic conformation compared to the course of the river . The Via Lauretana is already mentioned in Belforte del Chienti’s sixth book of the Municipal laws which were approved in 1536, and it is known as a royal road . The track used to come from Borgiano territory and, through the shortcut of Borgo San Giovanni, used to go up to the Triturano Arch, on the South. From here a short joint which was running along the walls located on the eastern part of the river, used to connect the track again with the San Sebastian church . The church was built in 1479 and the people added to it a plain hospital as well . The road used to go down, thanks to a slope, and get to Borgo Santa Maria, where is located the San Pietro parish church which was before a Silvestran monastery built in the XIII century and then was converted in a guest house; after it, the track following the river again, used to turn toward Tolentino . Since then, people who didn’t want to go up to the castle, could follow the track which used to get to Borgo Santa Maria from another road, Via delle Arme located on the left side of the river Chienti . This singular place, takes its name from the earthquake which took place in 1741.The Pope Lambertini, in order to stop the falling of the rocks, ordered to build a massive wall which was completed within three years with a length of 66 mt. He ordered to place a commemorative plaque with his coat of arms. The supervision of the works was assigned to the Cardinal Domenico Riviera prefect of the Congregation for Good Governance, so the road was protected from decay . In this area, at the bottom of the hill on which is located the castle, should have taken place some hydrogeological disturbances which caused several landslips and rockslides. At the end of the XVI century, in order to save the road, the community of Belfiore decided to change the course of the river Chienti and direct it into Nicola Pallucchio’s land. Moreover, between 1706-1708 at the time of Pope Clemente XI, during the works of maintenance of the road, the river’s flow was redirect into another riverbed placed more far away as Sebastiano Cipriani, the architect of the Apostolic Camera, supposed to do in one of his studies. During Pope Gregorio XIII, the Via Flaminia Lauretana was re-build, and in the same time in Macerata, the city that was the residence of the Papal Legate, was re-build the Arch San Salvatore as well. This «portam Romanam» is the main entrance of the wall placed at the end of the road which was opened in 1579, along which it was built «Burgo Boncompagno» . The drawing of it is still conserved and it has been done by Pompeo Floriani . Along the old road to Loreto, after Borgo San Giuliano which is called by Pompeo Cmpagnoni «Burgum Laureti» , it has been built a guest house called Fonte della Quercia (spring of the oak ed.). On this house it was located a commemorative plaque with these words «Seden. G. XIII P.M. A.D. 1577». The itinerary used to come down from Macerata’s hill, pass through Valle del Potenza, continue towards Recanati and keep going to the coaching inn of Sambucheto; the two ancient alternative routes used to pass near the San Firmano Benedectine abbey named Madonna del Monte, located in Montelupone. The road to Villa Potenza which has been built before 1645, has become even more important during the XV and XVI century thanks to Schiavoni and Albanesi who reclaimed the land around Potenza river. The presence of the post office in Recanati has been certified in XVII and XIX centuries , even if, during XVII century, there has been no effective work registration. The track that leads to Loreto had some significant variations. The most ancient track used to come out from the city, get to Arch Marina and, along the Adriatic coast, used to connect with Via Brecciarum and then, going on the left, used to go up to Monte Prodo and get to Loreto passing through Valle del Musone. Since 1428, Via Vallis Cerri started to be important because the other road’s conditions were really poor and the increasing number of pilgrims started to travel in a more comfortable and better way. Via Vallis Cerri, instead of going along the coast, used to turn South from the hill, so that they could walk better . Another way to reach the Holy House was to pass through San Girolamo town and walk towards the location Carpine. From this point the pilgrims could walk down through the old Montereale area to the basilica, praying the Loreto litanies . A further trail used to start from the Arch of San Francesco in Recanati, go along the convent and then, used to go down towards the river until the connection with Via Brecce . The road that was opened by Gregorio XIII is basically the same one that we can see today as the main road n.77 with only one difference; at that time the arrival was in Via Piana, which became less important when Pope Sisto V decided to open Via di Montereale with the aim to pass over Burbera hill . Bruno Longarini and Adalberto Solari report that there was a trail on the coast to get to Ancona through Numana and Sirolo. It disappeared due to neglect when the Sanctuary of Loreto was developed by then, so from the North, people should pass through Recanati and Osimo. For this reason, in the XV century people built a bridge on the river Musone so that all pilgrims could walk directly toward the Doric city from Via Costa d’Ancona, which originated from Via Impaccio, in the same point where is placed Fonte della Croce. During the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII the trail was improved by avoiding the difficult steep slope with the creation of some curves called dei Lamaticci . Actually, in 1573 Pope Boncompagni ordered to build a road, in a way that could be comfortable for all the pilgrims, from the bridge Moscione to Loreto’s cross which has been posed by the governor Roberto Sassatelli in 1574 at the intersection of Ancona’s coast road and Via del Pozzo . Since XX century, pilgrims used to follow the trail that crossed Villa Musone, le Crocette, San Rocchetto and Camerano towns: as a matter of fact, the works on the road from Ancona to Baraccola near Porto Recanati started in 1905 and today is known as the main road n.16 called “Adriatic” . The “Crocetta” (small cross ed.) of Castelfidardo, that gives the name of this village, reminds the opening of this piece of road in 1576 made by Pope Gregory, where the trail crosses the ridge which divides Aspio and Musone valleys . From San Rocchetto there are two tracks to reach Ancona. After the bridge Asciato placed on the river Aspio, the older secondary road used to run alongside the river, as it is possible to see today on the main road n. 2; it used to pass near the Osteriaccia which was placed on the cross with the road to reach Osimo, today this road is called Via Sbrozzola, and then, it used to go uphill on the Monte Umbriano . From here, following the main road n. 29 and passing through a hilly landscape, the secondary road used to get to the plain «to the Osteria dell’Angelo seven kilometers far away from Ancona» . As a further option , on the other side of the river Aspio, pilgrims can keep walking North along the main road n.10 called «Romana» which gets to loc. Burattini, they can cross the center of Camerano and from here, the road goes down and joins with the other road nearby Angeli di Varano. In the Doric city, the relationship between road and orography has often been problematic in terms of travelling and ease. In the XVI century people used to get on the Cameranense road, passing through Ponte Conocchio and the rocks of Astagno, so that they could reach Saint Agostino’s church.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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