La disciplina del danno ambientale è stata oggetto di diverse e numerose modifiche nel corso degli anni, sia a livello nazionale che europeo. Regolata in Italia, per la prima volta, dalla L. 349/1986 che, all’art. 18, prevedeva la risarcibilità del danno ambientale indipendentemente dalla violazione di altri diritti individuali come la proprietà privata o la salute. In ambito Europeo il primo intervento si è avuto con l’adozione della Direttiva 2004/35/CE sulla responsabilità ambientale in materia di prevenzione e riparazione del danno ambientale. La Direttiva è stata poi recepita in Italia con il D.Lgs. n. 152/2006, che nella Parte Sesta si occupa puntualmente di responsabilità per inquinamento ambientale. Tuttavia, le principali novità della normativa comunitaria con riferimento al regime di responsabilità per attività inquinanti nei confronti dei beni ambientali, non sono state immediatamente riprese in modo adeguato dalla normativa italiana, motivo per cui sono state emanate due procedure di infrazione nei confronti del Governo italiano che, per correre ai ripari, in un primo momento, ha approvato il D.l. 135/2009 introduttivo di nuovi criteri per il ripristino del danno ambientale e successivamente il legislatore è intervenuto con la Legge n. 97/2013 in materia di misure di risarcimento del danno e in materia di criteri di imputazione delle responsabilità. Tuttavia, l’assetto dei criteri di imputazione delle responsabilità è stato più volte oggetto degli interventi interpretativi della giurisprudenza che hanno delineato un quadro molto più rispondente alle istanze di origine comunitaria e ai principi del diritto europeo. All’interno di questo quadro più ampio si inserisce la questione della Gestione dei rifiuti, anch’essa oggetto di svariate modifiche normative volte sempre di più ad una tutela ambientale maggiore e prioritaria, attraverso metodi e tecniche in grado di ridurre la produzione dei rifiuti, l’introduzione del concetto di riduzione, prevenzione e recupero, riciclo e solo in ultimo lo smaltimento. Ruolo centrale assume in questo ambito l’attribuzione delle relative responsabilità in capo ai vari soggetti che si occupano della gestione dei rifiuti, pertanto nell’ultimo capitolo, si analizzeranno le diverse forme di responsabilità degli stessi e si darà conto dei principali interventi giurisprudenziali e della diverse interpretazioni dottrinali che hanno interessato la materia negli ultimi anni.
The regulation of environmental damage was modified many times during the years, at both national and European level. For the first time it was regulated in Italy by the law 349/1986 that, at paragraph 18th, established that the environmental damage was refundable regardless to the violation of other individual rights, as personal property or health. At European level, the first action was the adoption of the Directive 2004/35/CE concerning the environmental responsibility on the subject of prevention and compensation of environmental damage. The Directive was adopted in Italy with the Decree 152/2006, that in the Sixth Section regards exactly the environmental pollution responsibility. However, the main news of European law about the responsibility regime for polluting activities regarding environmental assets was not promptly adopted by Italian law. For that reason, the Italian Government has been subject to two violation procedures: to resolve, firstly the legislator approved the Decree 135/2009, that introduced new recovery criteria for environmental damage. Afterwards, he approved the Law n. 97/2013 on the subject of action for damages and charge of responsibility. Anyway, the structure of charge of responsibility criteria has been over and over subject of interpretation interventions of jurisprudence, that defined a framework better corresponding to European applications and European law principles. In that broader context is included the issue of waste management that was subject of many regulatory actions aimed at a greater and overriding environmental safeguard, through methods and techniques able to reduce waste production, the introduction of the concept of reduction, prevention and salvage, recycling and lastly disposal. A central role is assumed by the awarding of related responsibilities within different entities that deal with waste management. Therefore, in the last chapter, are analysed different forms of responsibility of that entities and are taken into account the main regulatory interventions and various doctrinal interpretations during the years.
Danno ambientale e responsabilità nella gestione dei rifiuti / Iammarino, Debora. - CD-ROM. - (2018).
Danno ambientale e responsabilità nella gestione dei rifiuti
IAMMARINO, Debora
2018-01-01
Abstract
The regulation of environmental damage was modified many times during the years, at both national and European level. For the first time it was regulated in Italy by the law 349/1986 that, at paragraph 18th, established that the environmental damage was refundable regardless to the violation of other individual rights, as personal property or health. At European level, the first action was the adoption of the Directive 2004/35/CE concerning the environmental responsibility on the subject of prevention and compensation of environmental damage. The Directive was adopted in Italy with the Decree 152/2006, that in the Sixth Section regards exactly the environmental pollution responsibility. However, the main news of European law about the responsibility regime for polluting activities regarding environmental assets was not promptly adopted by Italian law. For that reason, the Italian Government has been subject to two violation procedures: to resolve, firstly the legislator approved the Decree 135/2009, that introduced new recovery criteria for environmental damage. Afterwards, he approved the Law n. 97/2013 on the subject of action for damages and charge of responsibility. Anyway, the structure of charge of responsibility criteria has been over and over subject of interpretation interventions of jurisprudence, that defined a framework better corresponding to European applications and European law principles. In that broader context is included the issue of waste management that was subject of many regulatory actions aimed at a greater and overriding environmental safeguard, through methods and techniques able to reduce waste production, the introduction of the concept of reduction, prevention and salvage, recycling and lastly disposal. A central role is assumed by the awarding of related responsibilities within different entities that deal with waste management. Therefore, in the last chapter, are analysed different forms of responsibility of that entities and are taken into account the main regulatory interventions and various doctrinal interpretations during the years.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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