Nel rapporto societario, la tutela riservata ai soci in caso di esercizio abusivo delle prerogative attribuite agli stessi (i.e. l’esercizio di voto) risulta lacunosa e insoddisfacente. Invero, l’impugnazione delle delibere adottate con i voti esercitati abusivamente trova quale rimedio l’invalidità delle stesse (e l’eventuale risarcimento dei danni) per abuso della regola di maggioranza; mentre, dinanzi l’abuso di minoranza, l’unica tecnica rimediale ammessa in giurisprudenza è il risarcimento del danno. L’indagine si concentra, quindi, sulla ricostruzione della struttura delle due figure giurisprudenziali e delle fattispecie in cui, generalmente, vengono configurate. A conclusione della stessa indagine emerge, però, che, ai fini della configurazione dell’abuso della regola di maggioranza o dell’abuso di minoranza, costituisce requisito essenziale e imprescindibile la dimostrazione dell’intento di ledere l’interesse degli altri soci, nonostante il sindacato dell’esercizio del diritto del socio avvenga alla stregua della buona fede oggettiva. E’ noto, infatti, che i soci devono esercitare il diritto di voto (quale atto di esecuzione del contratto di società) nel rispetto della regola di buona fede oggettiva, in quanto regola precettiva generale. Sicché, si ritiene necessario prendere in esame il rapporto sussistente tra l’abuso del diritto e l’operatività della regola di buona fede oggettiva. Va evidenziato, allora, che il dibattito dottrinale sul divieto di abuso del diritto, soprattutto in ambito civile, è tutto fuorché sopito. L’indagine prosegue, pertanto, nel senso di delineare la figura del divieto di abuso del diritto e di verificarne l’effettiva utilità in tema di obbligazioni e contratti. A termine di tale ricostruzione si sostiene l’inutilità dell’impiego di questa figura, giacché la funzione ad essa attribuita viene pienamente soddisfatta dalla buona fede e correttezza. Quest’ultima, infatti, oltre ad indirizzare il titolare del diritto nell’esercizio dello stesso, viene assunta dal giudice quale strumento di valutazione e qualifica del comportamento tenuto, ovvero quale strumento di contemperamento degli interessi delle parti, ovvero ancora come strumento di imposizione di obblighi accessori, anche positivi, diretti a salvaguardare gli interessi delle altre parti. In tal modo, la buona fede oggettiva opera anche in funzione integrativa – correttiva sul fondamento logico-giuridico del riconoscimento della predetta regola quale limite «interno» degli atti di autonomia privata. Da ciò consegue che il giudice, anche in ambito societario, può sindacare l’esercizio delle prerogative attribuite ai soci alla luce della sola buona fede oggettiva, senza dover necessariamente impiegare, quale tecnica argomentativa, il divieto di abuso del diritto. E, sempre in applicazione della buona fede oggettiva, si potrebbe ritenere legittima l’imposizione di obblighi positivi in capo sia ai soci che alla società. Tale clausola generale, quindi, se applicata in tal senso, potrebbe offrire una tutela ai soci di gran lunga maggiore e più ampia rispetto a quella scaturente dalla configurazione dell’abuso del diritto e delle figure giurisprudenziali ad oggi impiegate (l’abuso della regola di maggioranza e l’abuso di minoranza), in quanto tutte richiedenti inevitabilmente la dimostrazione dell’intento soggettivo: prova questa difficilmente dimostrabile.
In the company relationship, the safeguard of the shareholders against the abusive exercise of their prerogatives is incomplete and unsatisfactory. Indeed, the invalidity of the deliberations for the abuse of majority rule is the only remedy against these kinds of exercise, as well as the compensation for damage. Differently, in the case of abuse of minority, the last indicated remedy is the only allowed of the jurisprudence. The research is about the building and the cases where these jurisprudence figures are configurated. However, in conclusion of this research emerges that, in order to conguration the abuse of majority and the abuse of minority, it’s really necessary the evidence of the intention to damage the interest of the other shareholders, although the exam of the exercise of the shareholder’s rights is through the use of the rule of the objective good faith. Infact, it’s well known, that the shareholders must exercise their own rights, especially the exercise of vote, as an act of exercise of the corporate contract, in full compliance with the rule of the objective good faith as generally rule. Therefore, it is considered necessary to take into examination the relation existent between the abuse of law and the praticality of the rule the objective good faith. It should be emphasized that the debate of doctrine about the prohibition of abuse of law, especially in the civil field, isn’t still clear. The research continues to outline the figure of the prohibition of abuse of law to verify the usefulness on the field of the obbligations and the contracts. At the end of this recognition, it is argued the uselessness of the use of this jurisprudence figure because its function is fully satisfied from the rule of objective good faith. The latter, infact, in addition to address the holder of the exercise of the prerogatives, it’s taken from judge as tool to verify and to qualify the conduct, or as tool to balancing the interests of the parties, or also as tool to impose the accessory obligations, also positives obligations, headed to safeguard the interest of the parts. Thereby, the rule the objective good faith work also in integrative- corrective function on the basis of recognition of this rule as internal limit of the acts of private autonomy. It follows that the judge, also in company field, can judge the exercise of the shareholders’s prerogatives in the light of the only rule of objective good faith, without have to use the prohibition of the abuse of law as technical argumentation. Moreover, in the application of the rule of objective good faith, it can consider legitimizes the imposition of the positive obligation both toward the shareholders that toward the society. So, this general clause, if this is applicated in this sense, could offer a safeguard to shareholders far greater than respect a that derived from the configuration of the prohibition of the abuse of law and of the jurisprudence figures now used (the abuse of majority rule and the abuse of minority,) because all require unavoidably the evidence of the of the intention to damage the interest of the other shareholders that it hard to prove.
L’ABUSO DEL DIRITTO E BUONA FEDE NEI RAPPORTI SOCIETARI / Nicolini, Sara. - ELETTRONICO. - (2017).
L’ABUSO DEL DIRITTO E BUONA FEDE NEI RAPPORTI SOCIETARI
NICOLINI, SARA
2017-01-01
Abstract
In the company relationship, the safeguard of the shareholders against the abusive exercise of their prerogatives is incomplete and unsatisfactory. Indeed, the invalidity of the deliberations for the abuse of majority rule is the only remedy against these kinds of exercise, as well as the compensation for damage. Differently, in the case of abuse of minority, the last indicated remedy is the only allowed of the jurisprudence. The research is about the building and the cases where these jurisprudence figures are configurated. However, in conclusion of this research emerges that, in order to conguration the abuse of majority and the abuse of minority, it’s really necessary the evidence of the intention to damage the interest of the other shareholders, although the exam of the exercise of the shareholder’s rights is through the use of the rule of the objective good faith. Infact, it’s well known, that the shareholders must exercise their own rights, especially the exercise of vote, as an act of exercise of the corporate contract, in full compliance with the rule of the objective good faith as generally rule. Therefore, it is considered necessary to take into examination the relation existent between the abuse of law and the praticality of the rule the objective good faith. It should be emphasized that the debate of doctrine about the prohibition of abuse of law, especially in the civil field, isn’t still clear. The research continues to outline the figure of the prohibition of abuse of law to verify the usefulness on the field of the obbligations and the contracts. At the end of this recognition, it is argued the uselessness of the use of this jurisprudence figure because its function is fully satisfied from the rule of objective good faith. The latter, infact, in addition to address the holder of the exercise of the prerogatives, it’s taken from judge as tool to verify and to qualify the conduct, or as tool to balancing the interests of the parties, or also as tool to impose the accessory obligations, also positives obligations, headed to safeguard the interest of the parts. Thereby, the rule the objective good faith work also in integrative- corrective function on the basis of recognition of this rule as internal limit of the acts of private autonomy. It follows that the judge, also in company field, can judge the exercise of the shareholders’s prerogatives in the light of the only rule of objective good faith, without have to use the prohibition of the abuse of law as technical argumentation. Moreover, in the application of the rule of objective good faith, it can consider legitimizes the imposition of the positive obligation both toward the shareholders that toward the society. So, this general clause, if this is applicated in this sense, could offer a safeguard to shareholders far greater than respect a that derived from the configuration of the prohibition of the abuse of law and of the jurisprudence figures now used (the abuse of majority rule and the abuse of minority,) because all require unavoidably the evidence of the of the intention to damage the interest of the other shareholders that it hard to prove.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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