Il simbolismo religioso oggigiorno costituisce un argomento di grande interesse per gli ecclesiasticisti, ma anche per gli studiosi delle varie branche del diritto e non solo, in quanto abbraccia delle problematiche “umane”, relazionali, politiche, economiche, amministrative e giurisprudenziali riguardanti la società nel suo più ampio aspetto. Il simbolo religioso può essere un oggetto, un capo di vestiario, o anche una prassi, un comportamento che in astratto o in concreto viene direttamente collegato ad una determinata confessione fideistica. Attraverso una sorta di “trasfigurazione simbolica”, un singolo o una collettività si riconoscono, con più o meno intensità, in “quella” immagine sacra, assumendola come elemento della propria personalità e socialità, come terreno delle proprie radici storico – culturali; la stessa crea un legame tra soggetti che si accomunano per avere una stessa credenza, che va protetta e riservata. Il simbolo religioso, al tempo stesso, è anche generatore di conflitti, perché se da un lato unisce coloro che in quel simbolo si identificano, dall’altro separa ed allontana chi non ci si rispecchia, chi ha altri simboli “da mostrare”, chi non ne ha, creando forti tensioni sociali e dando vita a quella che è diventata una vera e propria “guerra” al simbolo e del simbolo. I dibattiti maggiormente sollevati rispetto ai simboli religiosi riguardano, ovviamente, l’esibizione degli stessi negli spazi pubblici, poiché tale esposizione sembrerebbe causare una violazione della libertà religiosa di chi non “riconosce” come proprio “quel” simbolo, nonché del principio di laicità dello Stato. È innegabile che tale argomento inneschi contraddizioni interpretative ed ideologiche all’interno dei moderni ordinamenti, poiché gli atteggiamenti “laici” rispetto al diritto di libertà religiosa possono essere completamente differenti. A tal fine vengono rappresentante nel lavoro di ricerca alcune tra le principali sentenze che riguardano l’ostensione di determinati simboli ed il conseguente bilanciamento con i principi giuridici e culturali dell’ordinamento di riferimento. Casi tipici sono le controversie sorte in Italia, Francia, Svizzera, Turchia, in alcuni casi sfociati innanzi alla Corte Europea dei Diritti dell’Uomo, la quale modella il proprio modus operandi a seconda del contesto nazionale, storico e culturale. In Italia, ad esempio, è emblematica la querelle dell’esposizione del crocifisso, in particolar modo nelle scuole pubbliche, nelle aule giudiziarie e nei seggi elettorali, ma sono state affrontate anche questioni inerenti al velo islamico e ad ulteriori simboli religiosi legati a confessioni che maggiormente ricoprono un ruolo importante all’interno delle società contemporanee. La seconda parte del lavoro di tesi è orienta ad uno studio potremmo dire “dinamico” del fattore religioso e del suo essere presenza all’interno della comunità. Il simbolo religioso è lo strumento che la confessione utilizza per comunicare ed “arrivare” ai propri fedeli. Da questo assunto, la scrivente ha svolto uno studio sulla semiotica del segno in generale, per poi giungere a quello religioso, costatando come il significato dello stesso possa mutare a seconda dell’ambito sociale ed etnico, ma anche a seconda della persona che ne è il destinatario. Ci si è poi soffermati sulle modalità di comunicazione sociale della Chiesa Cattolica in Italia, in quanto religione di maggioranza, evitando polemiche e problematiche legate al dato che la stessa, indiscutibilmente per storia e cultura, “occupi” molto spazio, anche rispetto ad altre confessioni, nell’ambito dei mass media. Sulla scia argomentativa dei “messaggi” religiosi, obbligatoria è stata una riflessione sulla libertà di espressione, in particolare la satira ed i suoi relativi (ed eventuali) limiti in ambito confessionale. È importante comprendere che anche nell’elaborare un paradosso o una vignetta, occorre operare nella conoscenza dell’altro, poiché in alcuni casi l’ignoranza su determinati principi e credenze, potrebbe provocare gravi offese al sentimento religioso e dunque alla persona che si indentifica in esso. I simboli, dunque, sono parte integrante delle fedi e delle relative pratiche, pertanto anche di colui che “crede”, al punto da plasmare l’identità di esso in ogni aspetto della vita quotidiana. Il trasmigrare dal mero piano spirituale all’ambito sociale conduce i simboli religiosi ad “invadere” addirittura la sfera economica, rilevando la capacità degli stessi di influenzare l’agire del soggetto che è, contemporaneamente, uomo e fedele. Interessante, infatti, è apparso analizzare l’interazione tra marketing e religione, con particolare attenzione all’utilizzo dei simboli religiosi all’interno delle campagne pubblicitarie, nonché nelle operazioni di tipo commerciale come l’acquisto di determinati prodotti. Dallo studio effettuato si evidenzia come i simboli religiosi non siano più di esclusivo dominio delle confessioni religiose, gli stessi infatti vengono spessi utilizzati come strumenti dotati di credibilità per attirare il cliente, spingendolo ad acquistare prodotti che rispecchino la loro religiosità e gli diano modo di essere maggiormente “obbediente” ai precetti religiosi, come nel particolare caso dell’alimentazione. Riguardo al lavoro di ricerca svolto, si è giunti alla conclusione che una società nell’affrontare il suo status di “multiculturale”, deve essere capace di individuare e tutelare le differenze tra le culture e le religioni che vi coabitano. È necessario che gli ordinamenti, anche con la collaborazione delle confessioni religiose stesse, elaborino e concretizzino strumenti atti a far conoscere e rispettare le differenti etnie ed i simboli rappresentativi delle stesse, a gestirne le relative controversie e a creare una concreta integrazione nei vari aspetti della vita sociale, giuridica ed economica.
Today religious symbolism represents a very interesting theme not only for scholars in the field of ecclesiastical law or in the different branches of law, but it includes also human, relational, political, economic, administrative and legal issues concerning society in its broader sense. A religious symbol can be an object, a piece of clothing, or also a practice, an attitude immediately linked to a specific faith, in its abstract or concrete sense. Through a sort of “symbolic transfiguration", an individual or a group recognize themselves, with more or less intensity, in a specific sacred image, identifying it as an aspect of their personality and sociality, as their historical and cultural roots. This icon creates a bond among people sharing the same belief, which has to be safeguarded and saved. However, the religious symbol also generates conflicts because from one hand, it puts together people who identify themselves in a given symbol, from the other hand it separates individuals who find identification in other symbols or who have no symbol to show: hence, the birth of a strong social unrest and of a real “war” for and against the symbols. The religious debate most frequently raised concerns, obviously, the presence of religious symbols in public areas, because it can be considered, by people who don't recognize themselves in that specific symbol, as an infringement of their religious freedom, as well as of the principle of secularism. This issue, undoubtedly, causes interpretative and ideological contradictions within the modern legal frameworks because the concept of being laical can be totally different from the right of religious freedom. This is also what emerges from some important judgements mentioned in this work which concern the display of specific symbols and the relating integration of judicial and cultural principles within the legal framework of reference. Some examples can be the controversies raised in Italy, France, Switzerland, Turkey, which in some cases concluded before the European court of human rights, that tailors its modus operandi to the national, historical and cultural context. In Italy, for instance, it's emblematic the debate about the presence of crucifix, especially in public schools, in the courtrooms and in the polling stations, or also the question related to the yashmak and to other religious symbols linked to the most relevant faiths in the contemporary society. The second part of this work focuses on a dynamic study of the religious component and its presence within the community. The religious symbol is intended to represent the way of communication between a given religion and its worshippers. From this assumption, the research has been carried out taking into account the semiotics of the symbol first and then the religious perspective of the symbol, whose meaning can change depending on the social and on the ethnic context, as well as on worshippers. Then, the focus moves to the way of communication of the Catholic Church in Italy, as religion of the majority, avoiding debates and controversies linked to its relevance, with respect to other faiths, in the field of mass media, for historical and cultural reasons. In the wake of religious messages, it is necessary to concentrate on the freedom of expression, above all on satire and its (possible) limits in religion. In fact, even the elaboration of a paradox or a cartoon implies to know and to be aware of the otherness, because in some cases incompetence on specific principles or faiths should create serious offenses against religions and against the individual. Religious symbols belong not only to faiths and their practices, but also to worshippers, whose identity is shaped in every aspect of their daily life. The transition from the spiritual level to the social field leads religious symbols to “invade” even the economic sphere, because they are able to influence the individual's behaviour, who is at the same time man and worshipper. For this reason, it is interesting to analyze the interaction between marketing and religion, with a particular focus on the use of religious symbols within advertising campaigns, as well as in the commercial activities like the purchase of specific goods. Thanks to the research done, religious symbols emerge no more as an exclusive field of religions, but as instruments provided with credibility aimed at attracting customers, pushing them to buy objects linked to their religion and giving them the possibility to be more obedient to religious precepts, as in the case of nutrition. Dealing with the research carried out, we come to the conclusion that a multicultural society must be able to identify and safeguard the co-existence of different cultures and religions. Legal frameworks should elaborate and realize, with the cooperation of religions, instruments intended to raise awareness and respect towards the different ethnic groups and their symbols, to organize and integrate them in the various levels of social, legal and economic life.
SIMBOLI, COMUNICAZIONE E MARKETING RELIGIOSO / Arcopinto, Antonella. - CD-ROM. - (2017).
SIMBOLI, COMUNICAZIONE E MARKETING RELIGIOSO
ARCOPINTO, ANTONELLA
2017-01-01
Abstract
Today religious symbolism represents a very interesting theme not only for scholars in the field of ecclesiastical law or in the different branches of law, but it includes also human, relational, political, economic, administrative and legal issues concerning society in its broader sense. A religious symbol can be an object, a piece of clothing, or also a practice, an attitude immediately linked to a specific faith, in its abstract or concrete sense. Through a sort of “symbolic transfiguration", an individual or a group recognize themselves, with more or less intensity, in a specific sacred image, identifying it as an aspect of their personality and sociality, as their historical and cultural roots. This icon creates a bond among people sharing the same belief, which has to be safeguarded and saved. However, the religious symbol also generates conflicts because from one hand, it puts together people who identify themselves in a given symbol, from the other hand it separates individuals who find identification in other symbols or who have no symbol to show: hence, the birth of a strong social unrest and of a real “war” for and against the symbols. The religious debate most frequently raised concerns, obviously, the presence of religious symbols in public areas, because it can be considered, by people who don't recognize themselves in that specific symbol, as an infringement of their religious freedom, as well as of the principle of secularism. This issue, undoubtedly, causes interpretative and ideological contradictions within the modern legal frameworks because the concept of being laical can be totally different from the right of religious freedom. This is also what emerges from some important judgements mentioned in this work which concern the display of specific symbols and the relating integration of judicial and cultural principles within the legal framework of reference. Some examples can be the controversies raised in Italy, France, Switzerland, Turkey, which in some cases concluded before the European court of human rights, that tailors its modus operandi to the national, historical and cultural context. In Italy, for instance, it's emblematic the debate about the presence of crucifix, especially in public schools, in the courtrooms and in the polling stations, or also the question related to the yashmak and to other religious symbols linked to the most relevant faiths in the contemporary society. The second part of this work focuses on a dynamic study of the religious component and its presence within the community. The religious symbol is intended to represent the way of communication between a given religion and its worshippers. From this assumption, the research has been carried out taking into account the semiotics of the symbol first and then the religious perspective of the symbol, whose meaning can change depending on the social and on the ethnic context, as well as on worshippers. Then, the focus moves to the way of communication of the Catholic Church in Italy, as religion of the majority, avoiding debates and controversies linked to its relevance, with respect to other faiths, in the field of mass media, for historical and cultural reasons. In the wake of religious messages, it is necessary to concentrate on the freedom of expression, above all on satire and its (possible) limits in religion. In fact, even the elaboration of a paradox or a cartoon implies to know and to be aware of the otherness, because in some cases incompetence on specific principles or faiths should create serious offenses against religions and against the individual. Religious symbols belong not only to faiths and their practices, but also to worshippers, whose identity is shaped in every aspect of their daily life. The transition from the spiritual level to the social field leads religious symbols to “invade” even the economic sphere, because they are able to influence the individual's behaviour, who is at the same time man and worshipper. For this reason, it is interesting to analyze the interaction between marketing and religion, with a particular focus on the use of religious symbols within advertising campaigns, as well as in the commercial activities like the purchase of specific goods. Thanks to the research done, religious symbols emerge no more as an exclusive field of religions, but as instruments provided with credibility aimed at attracting customers, pushing them to buy objects linked to their religion and giving them the possibility to be more obedient to religious precepts, as in the case of nutrition. Dealing with the research carried out, we come to the conclusion that a multicultural society must be able to identify and safeguard the co-existence of different cultures and religions. Legal frameworks should elaborate and realize, with the cooperation of religions, instruments intended to raise awareness and respect towards the different ethnic groups and their symbols, to organize and integrate them in the various levels of social, legal and economic life.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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