Il lavoro di ricerca è volto ad analizzare la normativa antiriciclaggio recentemente introdotta nello Stato Città del Vaticano, sotto il Pontificato di Benedetto XVI e di Papa Francesco. Con la globalizzazione della finanza e del credito, oggi, il riciclaggio del denaro si delinea come una fattispecie dai riflessi trasversali, che interessano non solo l’ambito giuridico ma anche quello economico. Tale fenomeno, infatti, provoca un inquinamento dei mercati, nonché un condizionamento delle transazioni commerciali attraverso afflussi di liquidità, che alterano gli assetti finanziari e danneggiano le economie legali; di conseguenza, si può affermare che la lotta al riciclaggio del denaro e al finanziamento del terrorismo è diventata una delle priorità, non solo degli Stati a livello nazionale, ma di tutta la comunità internazionale. Da tempo, infatti, la comunità internazionale, nonché l’Unione europea si sono dotate di strumenti normativi volti a prevenire e a contrastare tali fattispecie illecite, nella consapevolezza che necessitano forme di intervento coordinato tra i vari Paesi. In tale contesto, anche il «portone di bronzo» del più piccolo Stato del mondo si apre alle necessità dei tempi, con la consapevolezza che il bene comune è sempre più minacciato dalla criminalità transnazionale e dall’uso improprio del mercato e dell’economia, nonché dal terrorismo (Francesco, Lett. Ap. in forma di Motu Proprio «Ai nostri tempi», 11 luglio 2013). La normativa antiriciclaggio, inoltre, investe vari settori del diritto, in primis quello penale (trattato nel capitolo III), poi quello tributario (analizzato nel capitolo IV), nonché l’ambito economico e finanziario. Nel lavoro di ricerca, ci si sofferma, quindi, ad approfondire il reato di riciclaggio e autoriciclaggio, in una prospettiva comparativistica con l’ordinamento penale italiano; in ambito tributario, invece, si sviluppa una dettagliata analisi della Convenzione fiscale sullo scambio di informazioni finanziarie, stipulata tra Italia e Santa Sede nel 2015, da cui scaturisce una riflessione sul sistema delle tasse e tributi canonici, alla luce degli orientamenti del Magistero e della Dottrina sociale della Chiesa, in tema di razionalità ed equità nell’imposizione fiscale; segue, inoltre, partendo da una disamina dell’art. 16 del Trattato lateranense, espressamente richiamato dalla citata Convenzione fiscale, un approfondimento sui recenti orientamenti giurisprudenziali in materia di esenzioni tributarie a favore degli enti ecclesiastici. Sullo sfondo il continuo richiamo al Diritto canonico, prima fonte normativa dell’ordinamento vaticano: inevitabile il riferimento ai caratteri costitutivi dello Stato Città del Vaticano, nonchè al complesso sistema delle fonti di diritto, sviluppando una riflessione circa il rinnovato rapporto tra Diritto vaticano e Diritto canonico. Infatti, all’interno di questo inscindibile legame interordinamentale, fino a tempi molto recenti, si poteva pacificamente affermare che tale vincolo fosse «a senso unico»: solo il Diritto canonico veniva recepito dal Diritto vaticano ed esercitava un’influenza diretta sul ordinamento statuale (e non viceversa). Tuttavia, uno dei riflessi della recente riforma consiste proprio nella «dilatazione» del diritto vaticano oltre i suoi naturali confini: la recente opera di riforma comporta, infatti, l’estensione della giurisdizione penale vaticana nei confronti della Curia romana e di tutti gli enti della Santa Sede, che svolgono professionalmente attività economico-finanziaria. Si configura, in altri termini, una peculiare applicazione del Diritto vaticano a enti facenti parte della Sede Apostolica, soggetti all’ordinamento canonico. Un’imponente riforma posta in essere nello Stato vaticano, che in tutte le sue peculiarità e complessità, si allinea alle necessità dell’attuale epoca della globalizzazione (giuridica ed economica), restando comunque ancorato ai cardini del Diritto canonico e del Diritto divino.
The research is aimed at analyzing the anti-money laundering legislation recently introduced in the State of Vatican City, under the pontificate of Pope Benedetto XVI and Pope Francesco. With the globalization of finance and credit, today, money laundering is outlined as a case by transverse reflections, affecting not only the legal framework but also the economical one. This phenomenon, actually, causes a pollution of the markets, as well as a conditioning of commercial transactions through cash inflows, which alter the financial structures and damage the legal economies; consequently, it can be said that the fight against money laundering and financing of terrorism has become a priority, not only of the national States, but of the entire international community. For a long time, both the International Community and the European Union have provided themselves with legal instruments to prevent and oppose these illegal cases, knowing that the require forms of coordinated action between the various Countries. In this context, even the "bronze door" of the world’s smallest State opens to the needs of the times, with the awareness that the common good is increasingly threatened by transnational crime and misuse of the market and the economy, and terrorism (Pope Francesco, Ap. Lett. Motu Proprio “In our time”, July 11, 2013). The anti-money laundering legislation also invests various areas of law, especially criminal law (discussed in Chapter III), then the tax law (discussed in Chapter IV), as well as the economic and financial field. In research, we focus, therefore, on investigating the crime of money laundering and self-laundering, in a comparativistic perspective with the Italian criminal law; in tax matters, on the other hand, there is a detailed analysis of the Tax Convention on the exchange of financial information, concluded between Italy and the Holy See in 2015, triggering a reflection on the tax system and canonical taxes, under the guidelines of the Magisterium and of the Social Catholic Doctrine, in terms of rationality and fairness in the tax imposition; then starting from an analysis of Article 16 of the Lateran Treaty, expressly referred to by the aforementioned Tax Convention, there is a closer examination of recent law guidance case concerning tax exemptions in favour of Ecclesiastical Institutions. In the background the continuous recall to Canonical Law, before the Vatican ordering legislative source: the inevitable reference to the constitutive character of the State of Vatican City, as well as to all the complex sources of law system, developing a reflection about the renewed relationship between the Vatican Law and Canonical Law. In fact, within this unbreakable bond between legal systems, right down to very recent times, you could peacefully say that this constraint was “one-way”: only the Canonical Law was implemented by Vatican Law and exercised a direct influence on the state system (and not the opposite). However, one of the legal reflections of the recent legislative reform is precisely the “expansion” of Vatican law beyond its natural borders: the recent legislative reform actually entails the extension of the Vatican’s criminal jurisdiction against the Roman Curia and of all the institutions of the Holy See, which professionally perform economic and financial activities. It is configured, in other words, a particular application of Vatican Law to entities of the Apostolic See, governed by Canonical law. An impressive reform implemented in the Vatican State, which in all its peculiarities and complexities, aligns to the needs of the current era of globalization (both economic and legal), it is also anchored to cornerstones of Canonical Law and of the Divine Law.
LA NUOVA ARCHITETTURA ECONOMICO-FINANZIARIA DELLO STATO CITTÀ DEL VATICANO. PROFILI INTERORDINAMENTALI / Moroni, Francesca. - CD-ROM. - (2017).
LA NUOVA ARCHITETTURA ECONOMICO-FINANZIARIA DELLO STATO CITTÀ DEL VATICANO. PROFILI INTERORDINAMENTALI
MORONI, FRANCESCA
2017-01-01
Abstract
The research is aimed at analyzing the anti-money laundering legislation recently introduced in the State of Vatican City, under the pontificate of Pope Benedetto XVI and Pope Francesco. With the globalization of finance and credit, today, money laundering is outlined as a case by transverse reflections, affecting not only the legal framework but also the economical one. This phenomenon, actually, causes a pollution of the markets, as well as a conditioning of commercial transactions through cash inflows, which alter the financial structures and damage the legal economies; consequently, it can be said that the fight against money laundering and financing of terrorism has become a priority, not only of the national States, but of the entire international community. For a long time, both the International Community and the European Union have provided themselves with legal instruments to prevent and oppose these illegal cases, knowing that the require forms of coordinated action between the various Countries. In this context, even the "bronze door" of the world’s smallest State opens to the needs of the times, with the awareness that the common good is increasingly threatened by transnational crime and misuse of the market and the economy, and terrorism (Pope Francesco, Ap. Lett. Motu Proprio “In our time”, July 11, 2013). The anti-money laundering legislation also invests various areas of law, especially criminal law (discussed in Chapter III), then the tax law (discussed in Chapter IV), as well as the economic and financial field. In research, we focus, therefore, on investigating the crime of money laundering and self-laundering, in a comparativistic perspective with the Italian criminal law; in tax matters, on the other hand, there is a detailed analysis of the Tax Convention on the exchange of financial information, concluded between Italy and the Holy See in 2015, triggering a reflection on the tax system and canonical taxes, under the guidelines of the Magisterium and of the Social Catholic Doctrine, in terms of rationality and fairness in the tax imposition; then starting from an analysis of Article 16 of the Lateran Treaty, expressly referred to by the aforementioned Tax Convention, there is a closer examination of recent law guidance case concerning tax exemptions in favour of Ecclesiastical Institutions. In the background the continuous recall to Canonical Law, before the Vatican ordering legislative source: the inevitable reference to the constitutive character of the State of Vatican City, as well as to all the complex sources of law system, developing a reflection about the renewed relationship between the Vatican Law and Canonical Law. In fact, within this unbreakable bond between legal systems, right down to very recent times, you could peacefully say that this constraint was “one-way”: only the Canonical Law was implemented by Vatican Law and exercised a direct influence on the state system (and not the opposite). However, one of the legal reflections of the recent legislative reform is precisely the “expansion” of Vatican law beyond its natural borders: the recent legislative reform actually entails the extension of the Vatican’s criminal jurisdiction against the Roman Curia and of all the institutions of the Holy See, which professionally perform economic and financial activities. It is configured, in other words, a particular application of Vatican Law to entities of the Apostolic See, governed by Canonical law. An impressive reform implemented in the Vatican State, which in all its peculiarities and complexities, aligns to the needs of the current era of globalization (both economic and legal), it is also anchored to cornerstones of Canonical Law and of the Divine Law.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Moroni Francesca TESI DOTTORATO - La nuova architettura economico finanziaria .pdf
accesso aperto
Descrizione: TESI DI DOTTORATO
Tipologia:
Documento in post-print (versione successiva alla peer review e accettata per la pubblicazione)
Licenza:
DRM non definito
Dimensione
1.48 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.48 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.